Depression in a Random Sample of Incarcerated African-American Men

Rowell, Tawandra L.; Draine, Jeffrey; Wu, Elwin

doi:10.1176/appi.ps.62.1.103-a

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This study revealed the overall prevalence of depression among prisoners to be 41.9%. The result is lined with studies carried out in US 43% [ 20 ], Brazil 40% [ 15 ], Nigeria 42.2% [ 14 ], and Ethiopia and Amhara 43.8% [ 5 ]. However, it was higher than the study done in Brazil 9.9% [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Most studies done in prisons of different countries across the world revealed the following factors. Being female [ 6 , 7 , 15 – 18 ], older age [ 14 , 19 ], performing work in prison (AOR = 0.49, CI 0.28–0.87), prisoners incarcerated repeatedly (AOR: 3.3, CI 1.7–6.3) [ 7 , 20 , 21 ], having past psychiatric history (OR: 1.9, CI 1.4–25) [ 21 , 22 ], having family history of mental illness (AOR: 1.6, CI: (1.0–2.7)) [ 21 ], having history of previous substances used (AOR: 3, CI: 2.3, 4.0) [ 21 ], having poor social support [AOR: 0.62; CI 0.44, 0.89], and thinking life to be a difficult one after release from prison (AOR: 1.87, CI 1.30, 2.69) [ 5 ] were variables identified as they had association with depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia

Abdu¹,

Kabeta

Dube

et al. 2018

Psychiatry Journal

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Background Mental disorder is one of the greatest challenges that current and future generations will face. Currently among all people suffering from depression, 85% of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies reported the global burden/prevalence of depression to be five to ten times higher among prisoners than the general population. However, the prevalence of depression among prisoners in our study area is not known. Objective This study therefore aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among prisoners in Jimma town in 2017. Method A cross-sectional study design was employed on 332 prisoners selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected by a face to face interview using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result The study revealed that 41.9% (n = 139) of participants among prisoners had depression. Having family history of mental illness (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 2.6, 13.8), having chronic physical illness (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.29, 6.41), having history of previous incarceration (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.02, 10.64), lack of job in the prison (AOR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.09, 11.8), lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.8, 7.26), thinking life to be a difficult one after release from prison (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.6), having age between 21 and 25 years (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.89), and having poor social support (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.27, 3.82) had significant association with depression in the fully adjusted final regression model. Conclusion This study has shown that the prevalence of depression among prisoners was very high. Having family history of mental illness, having chronic physical illness, having previous incarceration, lack of job in prison, lifetime alcohol use, thinking life to be difficult one after release from prison, having age between 21 and 25 years old, and having poor social support were found to have an impact on the prevalence of depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia

Abdu¹,

Kabeta

Dube

et al. 2018

Psychiatry Journal

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“…Uncovering variations in mental health outcomes based on the socio-demographic variables (i.e., marital status, household income, education level) and psychosocial factors (i.e., self-esteem, mastery, experiences with discrimination) of our sample echoes findings from previous studies (Lincoln et al 2011; Mizell 1999; Rowell et al 2011; Watkins et al 2006, 2011). However, we also uncovered some unexpected racial and ethnic group differences from our models.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Men and Their Father Figures: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Outcomes

Watkins

Johnson-Lawrence

2011

Race Soc Probl

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Though gender, racial, and ethnic disparities in health in the United States are well documented, it is less clear how these factors intersect to produce patterns of mental health outcomes among men. This study examined the presence of father figures in the lives of African American, Caribbean black and non-Hispanic white American males until the age of 16; assessed the current socio-demographic factors of these men as adults; and explored whether these factors lead to variations in mental health outcomes. Regression models were used to examine the correlates of socio-demographic, psychosocial, and retrospective father figure measures for depressive symptoms and non-specific psychological distress among African American (n = 999), Caribbean black (n = 506), and non-Hispanic white men (n = 193) from the National Survey of American Life. Findings revealed racial and ethnic group differences by age, employment status, education, and household income on depressive symptoms (measured using the CES-D scale) and non-specific psychological distress (using the Kessler-6 scale). Findings suggested that being raised by a grandfather placed both African American and Caribbean black men at greater risk for depressive symptoms and non-specific psychological distress under certain socio-demographic conditions. This study is unique in that it considers the influence of father figures on the mental health outcomes of adult males across three racial and ethnic groups. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for future mental health research and practice with men of color.

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“…Researchers characterized the prevalence of mental illnesses in prisons in three main ways: as a broad category of unspecified psychiatric disability or “mental health problems” (Table 1, 4 studies 25–28 ) as a diagnosis of a DSM psychiatric disorder (Table 2 and Table 3, 19 studies 29–47 ) and as cut points on scales of symptoms or psychiatric distress (Table 4, 5 studies 48–52 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mental Illnesses in U.S. State Prisons: A Systematic Review

Prins¹

2014

311

176

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Objective People with mental illnesses are understood to be overrepresented in the U.S. criminal justice system, and estimates of the prevalence of mental illnesses in corrections settings are crucial for planning and implementing preventive and diversionary policies and programs. Despite consistent scholarly attention, two federal self-report surveys are typically cited, and these may not represent the extent of relevant data. This systematic review identifies studies that assess the prevalence of mental illnesses in U.S. state prisons, in order to develop a broader picture of prison prevalence and identify methodological challenges to obtaining accurate and consistent estimates. Methods Medline, PsycInfo, the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Social Services Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts were searched. Studies were included if they were published between 1989 and 2013; focused on U.S. state prisons; reported prevalence of diagnoses/symptoms of DSM Axis I disorders; and identified screening/assessment strategies. Results Twenty-eight articles met inclusion criteria. Estimates of current and lifetime prevalence of mental illnesses varied widely; however, the range of prevalence estimates for particular disorders was much greater—and tended to be higher—in prisons than community samples. Conclusions Operationalizations of mental illnesses, sampling strategies, and case ascertainment strategies likely contributed to inconsistency in findings. Other reasons for study heterogeneity are discussed, and implications for public health are explored.

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Depression in a Random Sample of Incarcerated African-American Men

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia

Men and Their Father Figures: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Outcomes

Prevalence of Mental Illnesses in U.S. State Prisons: A Systematic Review

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