Depression in Diabetic Patients: What Is the Link With Eating Disorders? Results of a Study in a Representative Sample of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Pinna, Federica; Suprani, Federico; Deiana, Valeria; Lai, L; Manchia, Mirko; Paribello, Pasquale; Somaini, Giulia; Diana, Enrica; Nicotra, Eraldo Francesco; Farci, Fernando; Ghiani, M.; Cau, Rossella; Tuveri, Marta; Cossu, Efisio; Loy, Elena; Crapanzano, Andrea; Grassi, Paola; Loviselli, Andrea; Velluzzi, Fernanda; Carpiniello, Bernardo

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.848031

“…The differences may be due to different statistical methods for sugar intake and evaluation criteria for depression [ 18 ]. Moreover, a high-sugar diet is prone to diabetes and obesity, which are also risk factors for depression [ 19 , 20 ]. In addition to sugar, sugary drinks and desserts may add sweeteners and other ingredients, the excessive intake of which may also be associated with the occurrence of depression, but there is currently a lack of relevant research with follow-up studies.…”

Section: Overdose or Deficiency Of Macronutrients Elements Increase T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate Macronutrients or Mineral Elements Are Beneficial to Improve Depression and Reduce the Risk of Depression

Zhengyang

¹

,

Li

²

,

Quan

³

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Depression is a common mental disorder that seriously affects the quality of life and leads to an increasing global suicide rate. Macro, micro, and trace elements are the main components that maintain normal physiological functions of the brain. Depression is manifested in abnormal brain functions, which are considered to be tightly related to the imbalance of elements. Elements associated with depression include glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and mineral elements such as lithium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and selenium. To explore the relationship between these elements and depression, the main literature in the last decade was mainly searched and summarized on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and other electronic databases with the keywords “depression, sugar, fat, protein, lithium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and selenium”. These elements aggravate or alleviate depression by regulating a series of physiological processes, including the transmission of neural signals, inflammation, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, which thus affect the expression or activity of physiological components such as neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, receptors, cytokines, and ion-binding proteins in the body. For example, excessive fat intake can lead to depression, with possible mechanisms including inflammation, increased oxidative stress, reduced synaptic plasticity, and decreased expression of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95), etc. Supplementing mineral elements, such as selenium, zinc, magnesium, or lithium as a psychotropic medication is mostly used as an auxiliary method to improve depression with other antidepressants. In general, appropriate nutritional elements are essential to treat depression and prevent the risk of depression.

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“…Depression represents one of the ten the most frequent illnesses affecting the patients of General Practitioners (GPs) see in their office [43] [44] [45]. Even if the long relationship of caring for patients by GPs favors a narrative medicine approach to their patients [46], depression remains underdiagnosed [47] probably due to the heterogeneity of the population which is under their responsibility: young, adult and old outpatients [48] with different family and social conditions (single, divorced, widowed, retired/lonely, immigrant, insufficiently employed, quarreling/trouble with family) [49], work problems, sexual orientation and gender identity [50], as well as with several unmet needs and comorbidities, especially in elderly patients [48] [51] [52].…”

Section: Standing On the Frontline: The Unmet Needs Of Depression In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating Depression in Clinical Practice: New Insights on the Multidisciplinary Use of Tradozone

Albert¹,

Tomasetti²,

Marra³

et al. 2023

Preprint

1

0

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Depression is estimated to be a leading contributor to the global mental health-related burden. The determinants of this huge prevalence lie in the fact that depressive symptoms may be comorbid in a wide variety of disorders, thus complicating and exacerbating their clinical pictures. This makes the treatment of depressive symptoms even more difficult since many pharmacological and pharmacokinetic interactions should be considered by physicians approaching the therapy. Hence, depression still represents a challenge for both psychiatrists and the other clinicians, in terms of its high rates of relapse and resistance despite well-established protocols. It is also complicated by the well-known latency in its complete response to current antidepressant treatments. In this context, the search for new strategies in antidepressant treatment is mandatory; even including revising the use of “old” pharmacotherapies by considering their specific features may help to perfecting the treatment of depression, both in its standalone psychiatric manifestation and in the framework of other clinical conditions. The results of a consensus of experts regarding the possible use of trazodone as a valuable strategy for addressing the “real world” unmet needs of depression treatment is herein reported. This is based on the unique characteristics of this drug possibly delivering a rapid antidepressant action as compared to other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as well as on its pharmacodynamic malleability and pharmacokinetic tolerability when used in the milieu of other drugs in treating comorbid depressive symptoms.

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“…An estimated 27% of general outpatients show depressive symptoms ( 6 ), with high prevalence in patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (11%–42% in heart failure, 28% in myocardial infarction), metabolic diseases (23%–34% in type 2 diabetes mellitus) and cancer (16.3%) ( 51 ). Even if the long relationship of caring for patients by GPs favors a narrative medicine approach to their patients ( 52 ), depression remains underdiagnosed ( 53 ) probably due to the heterogeneity of the population which is under their responsibility: young, adult and old outpatients ( 54 ) with different family and social conditions (single, divorced, widowed, retired/lonely, immigrant, insufficiently employed, quarreling/trouble with family) ( 55 ), work problems, sexual orientation and gender identity ( 56 ) as well as with several unmet needs and comorbidities, especially in elderly patients ( 54 , 57 , 58 ).…”

Section: A Close Look At the Frontline: The Unmet Needs Of Depression...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating depression in clinical practice: new insights on the multidisciplinary use of trazodone

Albert,

Tomasetti,

Marra

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

5

0

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Depression is estimated to be a leading contributor to the global mental health-related burden. The determinants of this huge prevalence lie in the fact that depressive symptoms may be comorbid in a wide variety of disorders, thus complicating and exacerbating their clinical framework. This makes the treatment of depressive symptoms difficult, since many pharmacological interactions should be considered by physicians planning therapy. Hence, depression still represents a challenge for both psychiatrists and other clinicians, in terms of its high rates of relapse and resistance despite well-established protocols. It is also complicated by the well-known latency in its complete response to current antidepressant treatments. In this context, the search for new strategies regarding antidepressant treatment is mandatory. Revising the use of “old” pharmacotherapies by considering their specific features may help to perfecting the treatment of depression, both in its standalone psychiatric manifestation and in the framework of other clinical conditions. Using a nominal group technique approach, the results of a consensus of expert physicians regarding the possible use of trazodone as a valuable strategy for addressing the “real world” unmet needs of depression treatment in different fields (psychiatry, primary care, neurology and geriatrics) is herein provided. This idea is based on the unique characteristics of this drug which delivers a more rapid antidepressant action as compared to other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It also has pharmacodynamic malleability (i.e., the possibility of exerting different effects on depressive symptoms at different dosages) and pharmacokinetic tolerability (i.e., the possibility of being used as an add-on to other antidepressants with scarce interaction and achieving complimentary effects) when used in the milieu of other drugs in treating comorbid depressive symptoms. Moreover, the large number of formulations available permits finite dosage adjustments, and the use of trazodone for specific pathologies, such as dysphagia. Therefore, although additional studies exploring the real-world conditions of antidepressant treatment are warranted, experts agree on the idea that depressive disorder, in both its standalone and its comorbid manifestations, may surely take advantage of the particular characteristics of trazodone, thus attempting to reach the greatest effectiveness in different contexts.

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Depression in Diabetic Patients: What Is the Link With Eating Disorders? Results of a Study in a Representative Sample of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Cited by 7 publications

References 88 publications

Appropriate Macronutrients or Mineral Elements Are Beneficial to Improve Depression and Reduce the Risk of Depression

Appropriate Macronutrients or Mineral Elements Are Beneficial to Improve Depression and Reduce the Risk of Depression

Treating Depression in Clinical Practice: New Insights on the Multidisciplinary Use of Tradozone

Treating depression in clinical practice: new insights on the multidisciplinary use of trazodone

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