Depression predicts the pattern of cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease

Cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

“…Several studies have demonstrated an association between depression and cognitive impairments in PD patients [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. There are, however, a few other studies that did not detect a significant association between depression and variance in cognitive deficit in PD (See table 1) [31][32][33][34].…”

“…In this disease, cognitive deficits may occur as a form of global cognitive decline or as an impairment of specific cognitive domains. For example, some researchers have found that higher depression scores negatively correlated with lower scores on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [23,24], (Patients included in the first study [23] had mild to severe disease stages with an average disease duration of 7 years, whereas in the second study [24] patients had mild to moderate disease stages with an average disease duration of 8.45 years), the Dementia Rating Scale [23,24,28] (In the third of these studies [28] patients had mild to severe disease stages with an average disease duration of 11.3 years, patients also were taking Levodopa medication), and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [29] (In this study patients had mild to moderate disease stages). However, these findings are not in line with other studies that found no relationship between depression and overall cognitive skills in PD [22,27] (In both these latter studies patients had mild to moderate disease stages).…”

“…Letter Fluency, Abstract Reasoning and Card Sorting Test [22], Category Fluency Test and TMT [29], setshifting and response inhibition [40], Frontal Assessment Battery and Stroop test [27]. As for deficits in other cognitive domains, earlier studies have reported an association between depression and poorer scores on tasks of attention (assessed by a subtest of the Dementia Rating Scale and Digit Span Forward) [25,26], short-term memory (measured by Digit Span Forward and Backward) [30], and memory which was assessed by the Word-list recall and recognition test [22], Hopkins Verbal Learning Test [24,41], a subtest of the Dementia Rating Scale [26] and the Pattern Recognition Memory Task [29]. In addition, another study indicated a relationship between depression and poorer performance on a range of cognitive tasks including those testing executive function (Trail Making Test), memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) and visuospatial skills (Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Test) [42].…”

Relationship between depression and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease without dementia

“…However, in other studies PD patients with depression had worse neuropsychological performances than non-depressed PD patients [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In these cases, cognitive performances were explored with general cognitive screening tools, namely MMSE [22,23] and the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) [18,25], or more specific cognitive tests [17,20,21,24,[26][27][28][29]; frontal dysfunctions were also assessed in some of these studies [17,20,21,24,26,27,29].…”

Depression in Neurological Practice

“…Справедливость данной закономерности под-тверждена практически для всех основных неврологиче-ских заболеваний -паркинсонизма, инсульта, эпилепсии, деменции, рассеянного склероза, хронических болевых синдромов. Само по себе наличие депрессии, по некото-рым данным, выступает в качестве предиктора менее бла-гоприятного течения болезни Паркинсона, в первую оче-редь ускоренного когнитивного снижения [15]. Также показано, что при инсульте депрессия является независи-мым фактором риска нарушений мозгового кровообраще-ния, в том числе и повторного [16].…”