Depression: Sleep and immunity

Irwin, Michael R.; Gillin, J. Christian; Fortner, Molly; Costlow, Carolyn

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)86896-5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, it is difficult to be specific about the influence of MDMA or cannabis on the above complaints, as it is likely that physical, psychological and cognitive problems are interrelated. For example, depressive illness is often characterized by cognitive disruption (Austin et al, 2001) and depression is also purported to negatively modulate immunity and, therefore, well-being (Irwin, 2001). Accordingly, a proportion of ecstasy users (33 out of 278) reported an overlap of physical, psychological and cognitive disturbances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of cannabis use in ecstasy polydrug users: moderate cannabis use may compensate for self‐rated aggression and somatic symptoms

Milani

Parrott

Schifano

et al. 2005

Human Psychopharmacology

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Cannabis is one of the most common 'co-drugs' for ecstasy users. The aim of the present study was to explore self-reported psychobiological problems in ecstasy polydrug users in relation to their pattern of cannabis use. Two hundred and eighty ecstasy polydrug users were allocated into five cannabis groups according to the frequency of their cannabis use. The control group comprised 121 alcohol-tobacco users. There were no significant group differences with regard to age, diagnosed family psychiatric history and level of self-rated stress experienced during 6 months prior to the study. The present study produced three main findings: (a) Ecstasy users with no concomitant use of cannabis displayed more self-rated aggression and somatic symptoms compared with ecstasy users who were smoking cannabis on a monthly or weekly basis. (b) Ecstasy users who reported heavy cannabis use in the past displayed higher paranoid symptoms compared with ecstasy weekly and daily cannabis users. (c) Former heavy cannabis users were the most likely to complain of a variety of ecstasy related long-term problems. In conclusion, moderate cannabis use may help to ameliorate or mask MDMA-induced aggressivity and somatic symptoms. However, this study confirms that heavy cannabis and ecstasy use is associated with several psychobiological problems, which may emerge after a period of abstinence from both drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of cannabis use in ecstasy polydrug users: moderate cannabis use may compensate for self‐rated aggression and somatic symptoms

Milani

Parrott

Schifano

et al. 2005

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were found to increase after a 24-hour wakefulness [103], and so was the number of leukocytes and NK cells as well as their activity during a 64-hour sleep deprivation. The number of T helper cells and NK cytotoxicity decreased as well [100,104,105]. Other data show a 37% decrease in the number of NK cells after 48-hour wakefulness [106].…”

Section: Dermal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The relationship between intensified maniacal behaviour and sleep loss is bidirectional: mania episodes may occur after sleep deprivation, but mania may also induce insomnia. After 105 The influence of sleep deprivation The connection between the learning or memory processes and sleep seems to be well documented [129,130], although there are also reports denying this linkage [131,132]. The stimulating effect of REM sleep on memory in humans is particularly unclear, since the antidepressants subduing REM sleep do not exhibit detrimental effects on memory, even if administered for a long time.…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Sleep Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

215

133

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This paper presents the history of research and the results of recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation in animals and humans. Humans can bear several days of continuous sleeplessness, experiencing deterioration in wellbeing and effectiveness; however, also a shorter reduction in the sleep time may lead to deteriorated functioning. Sleeplessness accounts for impaired perception, difficulties in keeping concentration, vision disturbances, slower reactions, as well as the appearance of microepisodes of sleep during wakefulness which lead to lower capabilities and efficiency of task performance and to increased number of errors. Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrong decisions, and emotional disturbances such as deteriorated interpersonal responses and increased aggressiveness. The symptoms are accompanied by brain tissue hypometabolism, particularly in the thalamus, prefrontal, frontal and occipital cortex and motor speech centres. Sleep deficiency intensifies muscle tonus and coexisting tremor, speech performance becomes monotonous and unclear, and sensitivity to pain is higher. Sleeplessness also relates to the changes in the immune response and the pattern of hormonal secretion, of the growth hormone in particular. The risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease increases. The impairment of performance which is caused by 20-25 hours of sleeplessness is comparable to that after ethanol intoxication at the level of 0.10% blood alcohol concentration. The consequences of chronic sleep reduction or a shallow sleep repeated for several days tend to accumulate and resemble the effects of acute sleep deprivation lasting several dozen hours. At work, such effects hinder proper performance of many essential tasks and in extreme situations (machine operation or vehicle driving), sleep loss may be hazardous to the worker and his/her environment.

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“…Also, depression and other chronic negative affects are associated with suppressed immune function (Herbert & Cohen, 1993;Irwin, 2001), and in one recent study of patients with CAD, depressive symptoms were associated with immunologic markers of chronic infection and inflammation (Appels, Bar, Bruggeman, & De Baets, 2000). Hence, effects of depression in particular-and psychosocial risk factors generally-on immunologic mechanisms warrant further research (Kop & Cohen, 2001).…”

Section: Depression Anxiety and Negative Affectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial influences on the development and course of coronary heart disease: Current status and implications for research and practice.

Smith¹,

Ruiz²

2002

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

292

208

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Psychosocial characteristics predict the development and course of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this review, the authors discussed human and animal research on psychophysiological mechanisms influencing coronary artery disease and its progression to CHD. They then reviewed literature on personality and characteristics of the social environment as risk factors for CHD. Hostility confers increased risk, and a group of risk factors involving depression and anxiety may be especially important following myocardial infarction. Social isolation, interpersonal conflict, and job stress confer increased risk. Psychosocial interventions may have beneficial effects on CHD morbidity and mortality, although inconsistent results and a variety of methodological limitations preclude firm conclusions. Finally, they discussed implications for clinical care and the agenda for future research.Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States; each year about 450,000 people die from CHD, and 1,000,000 experience an initial or recurrent coronary event (American Heart Association, 2001). Among healthy 40-year olds, between 40% and 50% of men and between 25% and 35% of women will later develop CHD (Lloyd-Jones, Larson, Beiser, & Levy, 1999). Over $100 billion is spent on CHD each year in the United States in direct medical costs, disability payments, and lost productivity (American Heart Association, 2001). This disease involves the three major topics composing behavioral medicine and health psychology, making it a central focus throughout their 30-year history. In the first (i.e., health behavior and prevention), modifiable behavioral risk factors (e.g., smoking, activity level, diet) are important risk factors for the development of CHD (Stamler et al., 1999;Wannamethee, Shaper, Walker, & Ebrahim, 1998), and behavior change is an essential component of prevention. In the second topic (i.e., stress and disease or psychosomatics), other psychological and social factors have more direct effects on the development and course of CHD through the intervening psychobiological effects of stress and negative emotions. In the third (i.e., psychosocial aspects of medical illness and care), established CHD has extensive emotional and social impacts on patients and their families, behavior is a key element of standard care (e.g., medication adherence, dietary change, exercise), and psychosocial interventions are useful additions to traditional medical and surgical treatment.Like the article on CHD in the previous special issue on behavioral medicine in this journal (Thoresen & Powell, 1992), we focused primarily on the second major topic-psychosocial influences on the development and course of CHD. We also reviewed one aspect of the third topic-interventions targeting psychosocial risk factors and their underlying psychophysiological mechanisms. Perhaps the most important implication of research on psychosocial risk factors for coronary disease is that interventions targeting these factors could reduce cardiac morb...

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Depression: Sleep and immunity

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Pattern of cannabis use in ecstasy polydrug users: moderate cannabis use may compensate for self‐rated aggression and somatic symptoms

Pattern of cannabis use in ecstasy polydrug users: moderate cannabis use may compensate for self‐rated aggression and somatic symptoms

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Psychosocial influences on the development and course of coronary heart disease: Current status and implications for research and practice.

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