Depression, Stress, and Suicide in Korean Adults before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

Kim, So Young; Yoo, Dae Myoung; Kwon, Mi Jung; Kim, Jee Hee; Kim, Joohee; Wee, Jee Hye; Choi, Hyo Geun

doi:10.3390/jpm12081305

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A total of 8642 studies were screened, with 72 studies (131 samples) meeting the inclusion criteria. Among them, 16 [ 10 , 11 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ], 11 [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], and 19 [ 8 , 13 , 14 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ] only addressed changes in suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and death by suicide, respectively; 25 [ 9 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 92 , 93 , 94 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Yan

Hou

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Synthesizing evidence to examine changes in suicide-related outcomes before and during the pandemic can inform suicide management during the COVID-19 crisis. We searched 13 databases as of December 2022 for studies reporting both the pre- and peri-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or rate of death by suicide. A random-effects model was used to pool the ratio of peri- and pre-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt (Prevalence Ratio—PR) and rate of death by suicide (Rate Ratio; RR). We identified 51, 55, and 25 samples for suicidal ideation, attempt, and death by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased significantly among non-clinical (PR = 1.142; 95% CI: 1.018–1.282; p = 0.024; k = 28) and clinical (PR = 1.134; 95% CI: 1.048–1.227; p = 0.002; k = 23) samples, and pooled estimates differed by population and study design. Suicide attempts were more prevalent during the pandemic among non-clinical (PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.053–1.233; p = 0.001; k = 30) and clinical (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17–1.489; p = 0.000; k = 25) participants. The pooled RR for death by suicide was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.84–1.01; p = 0.092; k = 25), indicating a nonsignificant downward trend. An upward trend of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite suicide rate remaining stable. Our findings suggest that timely prevention and intervention programs are highly needed for non-clinical adult population and clinical patients. Monitoring the real-time and long-run suicide risk as the pandemic evolves is warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Forest plot for suicide attempt of studies [ 9 , 12 , 15 , 66 , 68 , 72 , 74 , 75 , 93 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 102 , 108 , 112 , 113 ] conducted in the non-clinical setting (Prismatic colored as red refers to the pooled estimate). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Yan

Hou

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…In the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, there were studies predicting a negative impact on the mental health of older adults [7,14,15,20]. On the other hand, some studies in the early days of COVID-19 found that depression, stress, and suicide attempts did not change during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic [21,22]. In this study, depression among older adults was 16.3% in 2019, but 23.1% in 2020, 25.7% in 2021, and 21.8% in 2022.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4-Year Observation of the Incidence of Depression and Suicide Among Older Adults from the Onset of the COVID-19

Lee,

Yoon,

Kim

et al. 2023

Mood Emot

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Background: This study aimed to examine the influence of the coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) by comparing the incidences of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempts before and after the outbreak of the pandemic among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In total, 9,784 older adults were recruited from 22 counties in Jeollanam-do between 2019 and 2022. Selfreported questionnaires, including sociodemographic factors, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form Korean version, were used. Results: The proportion of the depression high-risk group tended to increase since the COVID-19 outbreak, increasing to 16.3%, 23.1%, and 25.7% in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively; however, decreased to 21.8% in 2022. The incidence of suicidal ideation showed a similar pattern. The incidence of suicidal attempts showed a different pattern, rising to 1.3% and 2.6% in 2019 and 2020, respectively and then falling to 1.1% and 0.8% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Conclusion:This study examined community-dwelling older adults and their mental states during the COVID-19 pandemic, and found that the risk of depression among older adults increased 1.708-fold in 2020, 1.877-fold in 2021, and 1.599-fold in 2022 compared to that in 2019, the year before the pandemic. Similarly, the risk of suicidal ideation increased by 1.582-fold in 2020, 1.913-fold in 2021, and 1.623-fold in 2022 compared with 2019 data. As the pandemic extended, mental health states improved; however, not to prepandemic levels. Suggesting that older people need continued support to alleviate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Depression can be a serious health problem that may impair proper functioning at home, school, or work. People with recurrent or severe depression can suffer great distress; in the worst cases, it can lead to suicide attempts [1][2][3]. Due to aging, disease, or job loss, men aged 45 to 54 in particular experience stress and depression.…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression Literacy, Associated Factors, and Correlation of Related Variables in Middle-Aged Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lee

2023

IJERPH

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For the timely treatment and management of depression, a high level of depression literacy (DL) is needed. This study aimed to examine the level of DL and factors associated with DL among middle-aged Korean adults and to verify the relationship between DL, depression, and quality of life (QoL). This cross-sectional study included 485 participants aged 40 to 64 years recruited from five provinces in Korea. DL was measured using a 22-item questionnaire and analyzed by multiple linear regression and correlation analysis. The DL level of the participants was moderate and the correct answer rate was 58.6%. In particular, non-pharmacological treatments, differential symptoms, and pharmacological treatments were low. Out of the participants, 25.2% had depression, and the difference in DL between those with and without depression was not statistically significant. The positive factors associated with DL were being female, having higher education, and being employed. DL was not correlated with depression or psychological QoL. However, higher DL was associated with less heavy drinking, normal body mass index, and not smoking. Improving DL can help individuals seek timely professional help and reduce mental health disparities. Further studies should continue to investigate and develop the association between DL and health-related behaviors as well as depression and QoL to effectively treat and manage depression.

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Depression, Stress, and Suicide in Korean Adults before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

A 4-Year Observation of the Incidence of Depression and Suicide Among Older Adults from the Onset of the COVID-19

Depression Literacy, Associated Factors, and Correlation of Related Variables in Middle-Aged Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

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