Depressive affect in "normal" adolescents: Relationship to life stress, family, and friends.

Rubin, Carol; Rubenstein, Judith L.; Stechler, Gerald; Heeren, Timothy; Halton, Antonia; Housman, Donna K.; Kasten, Linda

doi:10.1037/h0079352

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While parental monitoring was found to have an important protective effect on adolescent substance use [4,20], a secure attachment to parents, the quality of time spent together, and parentchild communication seemed to be more important in lowering adolescent depressive symptoms [3,22]. Studies also reported considerable gender differences not only in the amount of depressive symptomatology, but also in the risk and protective structure [15,21,31]. Our results support these findings, namely, having dinner together with one's family seems to be an important protective factor for boys, that is, spending time and eating together with family members makes a difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A less directive aspect of parental control (e.g., having dinner together with parents or talking with parents about problems) may serve as a protection against both externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors and mental health problems [4]. In addition, studies suggest that gender differences in the role of family level protection against adolescents' depression requires further examination, revealing that cohesive family relationships and parental attachment served as protective factors for girls more than for boys [15,21]. Other studies have found that family cohesion protects youth against the effects of stress, in this case, more for boys than girls [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What makes a difference? Understanding the role of protective factors in Hungarian adolescents’ depressive symptomatology

Pikó

Kovács

Fitzpatrick

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Depressive symptomatology contributes to morbidity and mortality across the life course. Among factors predicting adolescent depressive symptomatology, it has become increasingly important to identify factors that prevent or minimize it, i.e., protective factors. This study examines protective factors operating in three contextual domains (parental, school-related and individual) that hold promise for explicating their role in the prevention of depressive symptomatology among a non-clinical adolescent population in Hungary. Data from this cross-sectional survey were gathered using self-administered questionnaires from adolescents (N = 881; aged between 14 and 20 years; 44.6% females) from five randomly selected high schools in Szeged, Hungary. Multiple regression analyses revealed that individual level variables (i.e., life satisfaction and optimism) were important predictors of adolescent depressive symptomatology. Among parental variables, social support from the same-sex parents lowered depressive symptoms. In addition, having dinner together with one's family was a significant protective factor for boys, whereas talking about problems with parents was significant for girls. In our study, school-related factors played only a limited role in reducing depressive symptoms; being happy with school was a protective factor only for boys. As a consequence, our findings draw attention to important gender differences in the structuring of protective factors and their role in reducing depressive symptoms, which will likely continue to be an important part of the prevention conversation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes a difference? Understanding the role of protective factors in Hungarian adolescents’ depressive symptomatology

Pikó

Kovács

Fitzpatrick

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…In addition, some research suggests that adolescents' gender moderates the association between family factors and depressed mood in adolescence. For example, family cohesion shows a stronger association with and protection against depressed mood for girls compared with boys (McKeown et al 1997;Rubin et al 1992). Gender differences may reflect a greater relationship orientation in girls than boys (Gilligan 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Adolescents’ Perceptions of Family Connectedness, Intrinsic Religiosity, and Depressed Mood

et al. 2010

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Using a sample of 248 ninth and tenth grade students at public high schools, we examined adolescents' perceptions of family connectedness, intrinsic religiosity, and adolescents' gender in relation to depressed mood and whether intrinsic religiosity and gender moderated the association of aspects of family connectedness to adolescent depressed mood. Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses we tested models separately for three forms of family connectedness (overall family cohesion, mothers' support, and fathers' support), intrinsic religiosity, and depressed mood. In each model, family connectedness was negatively associated with depressed mood. Intrinsic religiosity was not significantly associated with depressed mood. However, in the mothers' support model, both a twoway interaction (mothers' support 9 intrinsic religiosity) and a three-way interaction (adolescents' gender 9 mothers' support 9 intrinsic religiosity) were significantly related to depressed mood. In the two-way interaction, higher intrinsic religiosity was a moderator, strengthening the association between mothers' support and depressed mood. In the three-way interaction, gender differences were found. For boys, high intrinsic religiosity strengthened the association between mothers' support and depressed mood. Among girls, when mothers' support was low, intrinsic religiosity provided an additional source of connectedness in protecting against depressed mood. Our findings show that connectedness in overall family systems, mother-adolescent subsystems, and father-adolescent subsystems are all important to emotional resilience in adolescents by protecting against depressed mood. Future studies of adolescent religiosity may benefit from including diverse forms of family connectedness in understanding the protective processes provided by aspects of religiosity in promoting adolescents' emotional resilience.

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“…Even when considering the limitations of this study (temporality and cross-section), the results can give evidence of a kind of social environment in which several kinds of violence converge, and one that is structured in such a way as not being able to protect the population from the dire consequences of violence. 17 In conclusion, physical violence is a complex problem, which violates human rights, and has biopsychosocial roots that deserve to be treated as a collective health problem. Collective health policies should include interdisciplinary actions and global political will to fi ght: poverty; interpersonal confl icts (mainly those stemming from within the family system), intake of psychoactive substances, specially alcohol, and should aim at providing training to the human resources in the fi eld of primary health care so these professionals are capable of identifying the problem, and acting adequately to help solve it.…”

Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Violência física e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil

et al. 2008

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OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of physical violence and its association with sociodemographic aspects, stressful life events, and the use of health services due to emotional problems. METHODS:A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with a sample of 1,954 14-year-old or older inhabitants of the city of Canoas (Southern Brazil). They were selected by means of conglomerate sampling according to a pre-established system. Data were obtained in visits to households by means of a confi dential semi-structured questionnaire. A bivariate analysis was carried out through multinomial logistic regression, and the multivariate analysis by polytomous logistic regression, categorizing the outcome by age group. RESULTS:The fi ndings show a prevalence of 9.7% (CI 95%: 8.37;11.03) and association with: women 20 years old and older (OR=2.74; CI 95%: 1.52;4.94); higher schooling rate (p<0.03); higher experience of stressful life events at 20 years of age or more (OR=6.61; CI 95%: 2.71;16.1); and doctors' appointments due to emotional problems as of 10 years of age (p>0.001). CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of physical violence in the population was signifi cant, resulting in important emotional consequences and impact on health services, requiring capacity building of the professionals in the fi eld.

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Depressive affect in "normal" adolescents: Relationship to life stress, family, and friends.

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

What makes a difference? Understanding the role of protective factors in Hungarian adolescents’ depressive symptomatology

What makes a difference? Understanding the role of protective factors in Hungarian adolescents’ depressive symptomatology

Adolescents’ Perceptions of Family Connectedness, Intrinsic Religiosity, and Depressed Mood

Violência física e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil

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