Depressive symptoms among frontline and non-frontline healthcare providers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kelantan, Malaysia: A cross sectional study

Norhayati, Mohd Noor; Yusof, Ruhana Che; Azman, Mohd Yacob

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256932

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…HCWs who have acquired the necessary knowledge, skills, and training to manage COVID-19 patients with a lower risk of psychological distress [ 53 ]. Similar to the present study, Norhayati et al [ 54 ] conducted a local study in Kelantan, comparing depressive symptoms among frontline and non-frontline HCWs. Norhayati et al [ 54 ] found that non-frontline HCWs exhibited higher depressive symptoms (37.7%) than frontline healthcare providers (27.5%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Similar to the present study, Norhayati et al [ 54 ] conducted a local study in Kelantan, comparing depressive symptoms among frontline and non-frontline HCWs. Norhayati et al [ 54 ] found that non-frontline HCWs exhibited higher depressive symptoms (37.7%) than frontline healthcare providers (27.5%). These findings further highlight the importance of not neglecting the mental health of HCWs who are not directly involved with caring for COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Psychiatric Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian Perspective

et al. 2022

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The psychological distress reported among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) is concerning. Little is known about the mental health of non-frontline, psychiatric HCWs, who play a central role in handling the mental health crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among psychiatric HCWs and evaluate its association with socio-demographic, socio-economic, work-related factors and coping strategies. The authors proposed a cross-sectional study design using the Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (HADS) and Brief-COPE scale. This study found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression were 22.0% and 16.8%, respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed that married psychiatric HCWs had a lower level of anxiety with OR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.11–0.83). Psychiatric HCWs who were experiencing financial hardships, were unvaccinated and those who had a shorter duration of service in the psychiatric department had a higher level of depressive symptoms with OR = 0.31 (CI: 1.19–11.27), 3.21 (CI: 0.97–10.52), and 1.01 (CI: 1.00–1.02), respectively. For every increase of one unit of avoidant coping score among respondents, the odds of having anxiety and depression increased by 1.25 times (CI: 1.15–1.37) and 1.20 times (CI: 1.09–1.32), respectively, whereas for every increase of one unit of religious coping score among respondents, the odds of having anxiety reduced by 1.42 times (CI: 1.10–1.84). The authors highlight that psychosocial measures addressing the relatively high levels of anxiety and depression among psychiatric HCWs should be a key priority to ensure the sustainment of mental health services in the face of this prolonged pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Psychiatric Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian Perspective

et al. 2022

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“…All the items were rated on a four-point scale scoring from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total score ranges from 0 to 21, and symptom severity was interpreted as follows: absence of anxiety (0-4), mild anxiety (5)(6)(7)(8)(9), moderate anxiety (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), and severe anxiety (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Though initially designed to identify generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the GAD-7 has also been considered as a good screening tool for other common anxiety disorders.…”

Section: • Gad-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent systematic review of updated prevalence estimates for depression and anxiety from 65 studies, Yufei Li showed a high prevalence of moderate depression and anxiety among health care workers across 21 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic [10], which can negatively impact on the quality of COVID-19 patient care [11]. In Southeast Asia alone, recent evidence has revealed that there seems to be an increasing trend for anxiety and depression over time among healthcare workers compared to the first wave of COVID-19 [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total score of the PHQ-9 scale after self-reported response ranges from 0 to 27, and more severe depression symptoms are shown by a higher score. Symptom severity was based on the total score and was categorized as follows: absence of depression (0-4), mild depression (5)(6)(7)(8)(9), moderate depression (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), and severe depression (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). In various medical settings, the validated depression scale was reported with good reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.86-0.89).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors among Frontline Hospital Healthcare Workers in the Fourth Wave of COVID-19: Empirical Findings from Vietnam

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: This study aims to assess the magnitude of, and factors associated with, depression and anxiety among Vietnamese frontline hospital healthcare workers in the fourth wave of COVID-19; (2) Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out within two weeks, October 2020, at a central COVID-19 treatment hospital. Depression and anxiety were measured with PHQ-9 and GAD-7, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to recognize variables related to depression and anxiety, respectively; (3) Results: Among 208 frontline hospital healthcare workers, overall prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and both symptoms of depression and anxiety was 38.94%, 25.48% and 24.04%, respectively, in healthcare workers. In a reduced model after using multivariate stepwise logistic regression, age (OR = 0.9, p = 0.001), marital status (OR = 7.84, p = 0.027), profession (OR = 0.39, p = 0.028), having experienced traumatic stress following a work event (OR = 46.24, p < 0.001), feeling at very high risk for COVID-19 (OR = 0.02, p < 0.04), and affected by workplace conditions (OR = 5.36, p < 0.001) were associated with the symptoms of depression. With regard to symptoms of anxiety, single status (OR: 12.18, p = 0.002), being medical technician (OR: 68.89, p < 0.001), alcohol use (OR: 6.83, p = 0.014), using pain relief medications (OR: 25.50, p = 0.047), having experienced traumatic stress following a family event (OR: 130.32, p = 0.001), having experienced traumatic stress following a work event (OR: 181.55, p = 0.002), reporting at very high risk for COVID-19 (OR: 29.64, p = 0.011), treating moderate (OR: 6.46, p = 0.038) and severe (OR: 18.96, p = 0.004) COVID-19 patients, and being significantly affected by the community (OR: 6.33, p = 0.003) were increased risk factors for the symptoms of anxiety. Meanwhile, those living with 4–5 people (OR: 0.15, p = 0.011), specializing in infectious disease (OR: 0.13, p = 0.044)/resuscitation and emergency medicine (OR: 0.04, p = 0.046), and having knowledge preparation before participating in COVID-19 (OR: 0.008, p = 0.014) were less associated with the symptoms of anxiety; (4) Conclusions: There was a relatively high prevalence among Vietnamese hospital healthcare workers exhibiting symptoms of depression and anxiety during the ongoing pandemic. Greater attention to training in psychological skills should be suggested for those belonging to a younger age group, being single/widowed/divorced, treating moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, feeling at very high risk for COVID-19, being significantly affected a lot the community or workplace conditions, or experiencing traumatic stress following a family/work event in the past week.

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Relationship between COVID-19-specific occupational stressors and mental distress in frontline and non-frontline staff

Hazumi¹,

Matsui²,

Tsuru³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Depressive symptoms among frontline and non-frontline healthcare providers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kelantan, Malaysia: A cross sectional study

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Psychiatric Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian Perspective

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Psychiatric Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian Perspective

Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors among Frontline Hospital Healthcare Workers in the Fourth Wave of COVID-19: Empirical Findings from Vietnam

Relationship between COVID-19-specific occupational stressors and mental distress in frontline and non-frontline staff

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