Depressive symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS in Northwest Ethiopia: comparative study

Mekonen, Tesfa; Belete, Habte; Fekadu, Wubalem

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048931

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In our study, the OR of having depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS with married status and divorced or widowed status compared to those with unmarried status were 0.675 (95% CI = 0.501–0.908) and 0.571 (95% CI = 0.380–0.860), respectively. Unmarried HIV/AIDS patients were at greater risk of depressive symptoms, consistent with several previous studies ( 39 – 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS in Ningbo, China: A cross-sectional study

Chen

Hong

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundDepressive symptoms were common among HIV/AIDS patients. Previous studies had shown that HIV-infected patients were twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression as the general population. However, only few studies have explored the prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS in China.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to study the prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS from January to December 2021 through the database of HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy and psychological evaluation system in Ningbo, China. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) was used to screen for depressive symptoms (PHQ-2 > 0), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to diagnose depressive symptoms, and multivariate Logistic regression model was carried on to evaluate the related factors.ResultsA total of 3,939 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, and the age of initiation of antiretroviral therapy was 37.15 (IQR = 28.41–48.73) years. Among them, 3,230 (82.00%) were male, 3,844 (97.59%) were Han nationality, 1,391 (35.49%) were unmarried, 1,665 (42.27%) were homosexual transmission, and 2,194 (55.70%) were HIV-infected patients. There were 265 patients (6.73%) with depressive symptoms, and the proportion of mild, moderate, moderate and severe depressive symptoms was 4.01% (158/3939), 1.65% (65/3939), 0.76% (30/3939), and 0.30% (12/3939), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that married [odds ratio (OR) = 0.675, 95% CI = 0.501–0.908], divorced or widowed (OR = 0.571, 95% CI = 0.380–0.860), homosexual transmission (OR = 1.793, 95% CI = 1.349–2.396) were associated with depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS.ConclusionThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS patients was 6.73% in Ningbo, China. More attention should be paid to the psychological status of unmarried and homosexual HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo and timely psychological intervention or treatment should be given to those patients with depressive symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS in Ningbo, China: A cross-sectional study

Chen

Hong

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…This evidence is consistent with findings from similar studies 4,19,23 . Generally, this finding is not surprising for the reason that females tend to experience and report more internalizing problems than males 24 . This study's findings further indicate that, a vast majority of PLHIV do not drink alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“… 4 , 19 , 23 Generally, this finding is not surprising for the reason that females tend to experience and report more internalizing problems than males. 24 This study's findings further indicate that, a vast majority of PLHIV do not drink alcohol. It appears that, the estimates from this study are not consistent with findings of similar studies which indicate a high incidence of alcohol use among PLHIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study

Agyemang

Ninonni

Bennin

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims An important but much less researched burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub‐Saharan Africa includes the associated mental health outcomes of living with the virus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and describe some of the socio‐demographic associations among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ghana. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 395 PLHIV who access HIV‐related services at the antiretroviral therapy clinic. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 was used to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress. Frequencies and percentages were used to estimate the prevalence and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate sociodemographic factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The prevalence estimates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PLHIV were 28.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.4–33.3), 40.8% (95% CI = 36.0–45.8), and 10.6% (95% CI = 7.9–14.1), respectively. Females reported higher prevalence of depression (32.2%; 95% CI = 27.2–37.7), anxiety (44.0%; 95% CI = 38.4–49.6), and stress (12.6%; 95% CI = 9.4–17.0) compared to depression (17.5%; 95% CI = 11.1–26.4), anxiety (30.9%; 95% CI = 22.5–40.7), and stress (4.1%; 95% CI = 1.2–10.4) among males. PLHIV without a regular partner were about 0.63 increased odds of experiencing anxiety compared to those with a regular partner (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40–1.00: p = 0.049). PLHIV without formal education were about 0.49 and 0.44 increased odds to experience anxiety and stress, respectively compared to those with tertiary education. Conclusions Generally, the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are high among PLHIV, but disproportionately higher among females. Mental health assessment and management should be integrated into the HIV care services. There should be capacity building for health care workers to offer differentiated service delivery based on mental health care needs of PLHIV.

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“…[ 17 ] The prevalence of depressive symptoms in our study was also higher than another study among PLWHA in Ethiopia which reported a prevalence of 13.3%. [ 18 ] The difference in findings may reflect different settings and different degrees of discrimination and stigma. Different ways of assessing depression and anxiety may also explain the difference in findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and stigma profiles of HIV patients in a North-Central city of Nigeria

Ahmed

Osinubi

Fasiku

et al. 2022

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity and disease. Researchers and clinicians have mainly focused on health outcomes that are physically or laboratory measured. These, however, do not reflect how the affected individual feels and functions in daily life. This study assessed the psychological and stigma profiles of patients attending HIV clinics in a North-central State of Nigeria. Methods: The study design was descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 384 HIV-positive patients who were systematically recruited at 5 public service delivery sites in Ilorin, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria participated in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Level of significance was pre-determined at P value < 0.05 at a confidence level of 95%. Results: Fifty-nine percent of respondents reported being anxious about their condition and 25.5% felt depressed. Eighty-six percent received adherence counselling and 82.3% received psychological care from support groups. In the psychological domain, majority (74.5%) of the respondents had high health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There was a statistically significant association between employment status and psychological domain of HRQoL. As regards stigma, majority experienced high stereotype stigma (73.7%) and 67.2% experienced high stigma as pertains disclosure. Conclusion: Health workers should promote psychological support of HIV patients, for example, in form of support groups and adherence counseling. Efforts by government and corporate bodies should be geared towards employment empowerment of PLWHA which may help improve quality of life.

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Depressive symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS in Northwest Ethiopia: comparative study

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS in Ningbo, China: A cross-sectional study

Prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among HIV/AIDS in Ningbo, China: A cross-sectional study

Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study

Psychological and stigma profiles of HIV patients in a North-Central city of Nigeria

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