Deprivation of both sucrose and water reduces the mosquito heart contraction rate while increasing the expression of nitric oxide synthase

Ellison, Haley E.; Estévez‐Lao, Tania Y.; Murphree, C. Steven; Hillyer, Julián F.

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.01.011

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It is known that water and nutrient intake can alter NO 2 -content through increases in NO synthase (NOS) and it is involved with decreased heart contraction rate [32]. There was a similar response in salivary NO 2 -content for both athletes in this study, although there were notable differences in water and carbohydrate intake during RWL between Athlete 1, without diet accomplishment and Athlete 2, with nutritional accomplishment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Salivary nitrite content, cognition and power in Mixed Martial Arts fighters after rapid weight loss: a case study

et al. 2016

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Background and Aim: Rapid weight loss (RWL) is extensively practiced by combat sports athletes, including Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), but its effects on performance are not well established with different magnitudes of RWL, including those higher than 5% of total body weight. The aim of the present study was to follow MMA athletes during RWL with subsequent weight regain to evaluate the responses of isometric strength, power, cognition and salivary nitrite (NO2 -) content. Methods:Two professional male MMA fighters, same age, competing in the same weight category underwent two magnitudes of RWL before a simulated competition period. Anthropometric measures, records of nutritional status, training, voluntary dehydration strategies, salivary samples, cognition response, isometric strength and muscular power were obtained: (I) 7 days before combat, (II) at the weigh-in moment, and (III) in the combat day. Results and Conclusions: Athlete 1 lost 7.2 kg (9.1% of total bodyweight) and Athlete 2 lost 4.0 kg (5.3% of total bodyweight). Athlete 1 had a lower and misbalanced caloric ingestion (708 ± 428 kcal), ingested 6 L of water during the first 5 days of RWL, underwent 2 days of fasting, water and sodium restriction before weigh-in. Athlete 2 was supervised by a nutritionist, had a balanced diet (1600 ± 0 kcal), ingested 2 L of water during the first 6 days of RWL, underwent only 1 day of fasting and water restriction, and did not restrict sodium. As expected, there was a negative effect of RWL in the evaluated parameters at the weigh-in moment, while in the combat day, salivary NO2 -was not completely reestablished at baseline levels (decreased by 35.9% in Athlete 1 and, 25.2% in Athlete 2, as compared with 7 days before). The athlete who underwent a lower weight loss (5.3%) presented better recovery of cognition and upper limbs power on the combat day as compared with the athlete who lost 9.1% of body weight. Although we cannot precisely conclude, this case report led us to believe that the recovery period between weigh-in and competition may be insufficient for total reestablishment of salivary NO2 -after RWL, and higher amounts of RWL have negative impacts on average power and cognition when compared with lower RWL. Relevance for patients: Scientific aspects related with performance in MMA athletes brought to light the absence of studies investigating the recovery of isometric strength, power, cognition and salivary NO2 -during RWL with subsequent weight regain. This study revealed that athletes from the same categories can adopt different magnitudes of weight loss, and that this procedure impacts several important measures, for example, the reduction of salivary NO2 -is associated with the lower O2 transport capacity, decreasing muscle performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Salivary nitrite content, cognition and power in Mixed Martial Arts fighters after rapid weight loss: a case study

et al. 2016

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“…For mosquitoes that act as malaria vectors, recent studies have examined molecular and physiological changes associated with dehydration or dry-season conditions 22 – 24 . Rearing Anopheles gambiae under dry season conditions shifted levels of specific metabolites (amino acids and carbohydrates), suppressed reproduction, reduced spiracle size, and reduced heart contraction rate 21 – 27 . Microarray analyses of dehydrated A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration prompts increased activity and blood feeding by mosquitoes

Hagan

Didion

Rosselot

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

121

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Current insights into the mosquito dehydration response rely on studies that examine specific responses but ultimately fail to provide an encompassing view of mosquito biology. Here, we examined underlying changes in the biology of mosquitoes associated with dehydration. Specifically, we show that dehydration increases blood feeding in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, which was the result of both higher activity and a greater tendency to land on a host. Similar observations were noted for Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus. RNA-seq and metabolome analyses in C. pipiens following dehydration revealed that factors associated with carbohydrate metabolism are altered, specifically the breakdown of trehalose. Suppression of trehalose breakdown in C. pipiens by RNA interference reduced phenotypes associated with lower hydration levels. Lastly, mesocosm studies for C. pipiens confirmed that dehydrated mosquitoes were more likely to host feed under ecologically relevant conditions. Disease modeling indicates dehydration bouts will likely enhance viral transmission. This dehydration-induced increase in blood feeding is therefore likely to occur regularly and intensify during periods when availability of water is low.

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“…The total carbohydrate content of adult and pupal stage An. coluzzii was assessed according to (Ahmed 2013; Ellison et al 2015) with minor modifications. Here, four 3-to 6-day-old mosquitoes or ≥1-day-old pupae were collected between ZT11 and ZT12 and homogenized in 200μL ddH 2 O; the homogenate was centrifuged at maximum speed for 1min at 4°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenesis of the Ammonium TransporterAcAmtReveals a Reproductive Role and a Novel Ammonia-Sensing Mechanism in the Malaria Vector MosquitoAnopheles coluzzii

Z¹,

F²,

St³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Anopheline mosquitoes are the sole vectors of malaria and rely on olfactory cues for host seeking in which ammonia derived from human sweat plays an essential role. To investigate the function of the Anopheles coluzzii ammonium transporter (AcAmt) in the mosquito olfactory system, we generated an AcAmt null mutant line using CRISPR/Cas9. AcAmt-/- mutants displayed a series of novel phenotypes compared with wild-type mosquitoes including significantly lower insemination rates during mating and increased mortality during eclosion. Furthermore, AcAmt-/- males showed significantly lower sugar consumption while AcAmt-/- females and pupae displayed significantly higher ammonia levels than their wild-type counterparts. Surprisingly, in contrast to previous studies in Drosophila that revealed that the mutation of the ammonium transporter (DmAmt) induces a dramatic reduction of ammonia responses in antennal coeloconic sensilla, no significant differences were observed across a range of peripheral sensory neuron responses to ammonia and other odorants between wild-type and AcAmt-/- females. Taken together, these data support the existence of a unique ammonia-sensing mechanism in mosquitoes and that the ammonium transporter may be an important molecular target for vector control.

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Deprivation of both sucrose and water reduces the mosquito heart contraction rate while increasing the expression of nitric oxide synthase

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Salivary nitrite content, cognition and power in Mixed Martial Arts fighters after rapid weight loss: a case study

Salivary nitrite content, cognition and power in Mixed Martial Arts fighters after rapid weight loss: a case study

Dehydration prompts increased activity and blood feeding by mosquitoes

Mutagenesis of the Ammonium TransporterAcAmtReveals a Reproductive Role and a Novel Ammonia-Sensing Mechanism in the Malaria Vector MosquitoAnopheles coluzzii

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