Depth Capture by Kinetic Depth and by Stereopsis

Kham, Keetaek; Blake, Randolph

doi:10.1068/p3011

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As for the combination of vertical and horizontal lines, the subjects perceived them at the same depth plane, although the horizontal lines did not physically move and it was perceptually ambiguous whether they did move or not. This may be a result of stereo capture (Ramachandran and Cavanagh 1985;Kham and Blake 2000), ie the origin of the depth should be the horizontal-disparity component of the vertical lines moving at the same horizontal speed as that of the oblique lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aperture Problems in the Pulfrich Effect

Ito¹

2003

Perception

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The Pulfrich effect yields a perceived depth for horizontally moving objects but not for vertically moving ones. In this study the Pulfrich effect was measured by translating oblique lines seen through a circular window, which made motion direction ambiguous. Overlaying random dots that moved horizontally, vertically, or diagonally controlled the perceptual motion direction of the lines. In experiment 1, when the lines were seen to move horizontally, the effect was strongest in spite of the same physical motion of the lines. Experiment 2 was performed to test the above conditions again, excluding the Pulfrich effect of the dots on the depth of the lines. The overlaid dots were presented to one eye only. The result showed that the Pulfrich effect of the lines was persistently strong in spite of the perceptual changes in motion direction. Experiment 3 also showed that the Pulfrich depth was independent of the perceived horizontal speed in a plaid display. The Pulfrich effect was determined by measuring the horizontal disparity component, independently of the perceived motion direction. These results demonstrate that the aperture problems in motion and stereopsis in the Pulfrich effect are solved independently.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aperture Problems in the Pulfrich Effect

Ito¹

2003

Perception

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“…Different mechanisms might be used by the visual system to integrate the disparity and velocity values, so as to give rise to the perception of a rigid 3-D structure. The Modified Weak Fusion model (e.g., Hillis, Watt, Landy, & Banks, 2004;Kham & Blake, 2000;Landy, Maloney, Johnston, & Young, 1995) maintains that disparity and velocity signals are process by independent depth-processing modules, each giving rise to a separate depth estimate. In a second stage of analysis, depth estimates are integrated in a statistically optimal fashion.…”

Section: Perceived Depth Order From Combined Stereo-motion Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between disparity and velocity signals of rigidly moving objects constrains depth order perception

2007

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In two experiments, observers were asked to judge the relative depth of a probe and one or two flanker dots. In Experiment 1, we found that such judgments were influenced by the properties of adjacent image regions, that is, by the amount of angular rotation of a surrounding cloud of dots. In Experiment 2, we found that the properties of the adjacent image regions affected the precision of the observers' judgments. With only the probe and the flanker dots presented in isolation, the precision of observers' judgments was much lower than when probe and the flanker dots were surrounded by a rigidly-connected cloud of dots. Conversely, a non-rigid rotation of the surrounding dots was detrimental to the precision of visual performance. These data can be accounted for by the Intrinsic Constraint model [Domini, F., Caudek, C., & Tassinari, H. (2006). Stereo and motion information are not independently processed by the visual system. Vision Research, 46, 1707-1723], which incorporates the mutual constraints relating disparity and motion signals. The present investigation does not show that the rigidity constraint affects the visual interpretation of motion information alone. Rather, our results show that perceptual performance is affected by the linear relation between disparity and velocity signals, when both depth-cues are present and the distal object is, in fact, rigid.

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“…As discussed, the interaction between shape and lightness may be invariant to the nature of the shape cue given that lightness evoked by a sawtooth luminance profile can be affected by both shape from contour (Knill & Kersten, 1991) and shape from stereo (Buckley et al, 1994). Furthermore, shape from kinetic depth and shape from stereo appear to involve common neural mechanisms (Fang & He, 2004; Freeman, 1998; Kham & Blake, 2000; Nieder, 2003); if an interaction with lightness is subsequent to such common processing, the involvement of shape from stereo in lightness (Buckley et al, 1994) predicts that similar effects would be evident with shape from kinetic depth. Finally, shape information from kinetic depth can affect the degree to which a surface is perceived as specular or matte (Marlow & Anderson, 2016) and can interact with surface transparency (Kersten, Bülthoff, Schwartz, & Kurtz, 1992)—consistent with shape from kinetic depth being available to support inferences regarding surface material.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface curvature from kinetic depth can affect lightness.

Peterson

Kersten

Mannion

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The light reaching the eye confounds the proportion of light reflected from surfaces in the environment with their illumination. To achieve constancy in perceived surface reflectance (lightness) across variations in illumination, the visual system must infer the relative contribution of reflectance to the incoming luminance signals. Previous studies have shown that contour and stereo cues to surface shape can affect the lightness of sawtooth luminance profiles. Here, we investigated whether cues to surface shape provided solely by motion (via the kinetic depth effect) can similarly influence lightness. Human observers judged the relative brightness of patches contained within abutting surfaces with identical luminance ramps. We found that the reported brightness differences were significantly lower when the kinetic depth effect supported the impression of curved surfaces, compared to similar conditions without the kinetic depth effect. This demonstrates the capacity of the visual system to use shape from motion to "explain away" alternative interpretations of luminance gradients, and supports the cue-invariance of the interaction between shape and lightness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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Depth Capture by Kinetic Depth and by Stereopsis

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

The Aperture Problems in the Pulfrich Effect

The Aperture Problems in the Pulfrich Effect

The relation between disparity and velocity signals of rigidly moving objects constrains depth order perception

Surface curvature from kinetic depth can affect lightness.

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