Depth of general anaesthesia monitors

Rani, D Devika; Harsoor, SS

doi:10.4103/0019-5049.103956

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Analgesia depends on decreasing the signs of ascending nociception, since inhibiting nociceptive transmission prevents the perception of a harmful stimulus; however, inadequate analgesia leads to the activation of brainstem structures which coactivate areas that induce cortical excitement [88,89]. It is important to consider that the capacity of response will depend not only on the level of analgesia and hypnosis, but also on the type and magnitude of the stimulus [86].…”

Section: Bispectral Index (Bis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats

Hernández-Ávalos

Mota-Rojas

Mora-Medina

et al. 2019

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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In light of the need to perform surgical techniques and the importance of animal welfare because of acute pain, the objectives of the veterinary anaesthetists are to manage muscle relaxation and adequate analgesia in order to conserve a balance in the autonomic nervous system, enhance the action of the parasympathetic system in the face of the emerging action of the sympathetic portion provoked by the surgeon, and maintain a balance among them. The aim of the present review is to describe different evaluation criteria for acute pain using unidimensional and multidimensional scales, correlating these findings to parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) and bispectral index (BIS) assessment, to conduct an objective evaluation of pain that patients (dog or cat) perceives, in order to administrate an adequate analgesic treatment in each case. In conclusion, this integral, objective evaluation will allow veterinariansespecially anaesthesiologiststo improve the management of pain in the patients.

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Section: Bispectral Index (Bis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats

Hernández-Ávalos

Mota-Rojas

Mora-Medina

et al. 2019

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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“…The depth of anesthesia monitor like BIS utilizes the EEG signals recorded from forehead which are amplified and processed through various algorithm and converted to a digital value. [ 11 ] A value of BIS index between 40 and 60 corresponds to optimal depth of anesthesia which has been validated. BIS index can have erroneous reading in number of situations like two different BIS monitors of the same make when applied on the same patient can cause 10% variation in reading, reduced adherence of electrode can cause false elevated value, and electromyography activity can superimpose on the frequency band of EEG leading to low-BIS value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane for maintaining BIS below 50 in children and effect of caudal analgesia on it

et al. 2018

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Context:Neuraxial techniques have sedative properties secondary to decreased inputs from sensory and motor afferents. We hypothesized that caudal analgesia decreases the requirement of desflurane as measured by bispectral index (BIS).Aims:This study aims to determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of desflurane for maintaining BIS below 50 (MACBIS50) in children undergoing infraumbilical surgeries with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and study the effect of caudal analgesia on the same.Settings and Design:This is prospective and observational study.Subjects and Methods:Thirty-nine American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Classes I and II children in between 1 and 8 years of age undergoing elective infraumbilical surgery under general anesthesia were allocated randomly into two groups (Group C and Group D) after induction with sevoflurane and LMA insertion. In Group C, caudal block was performed with 0.75 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine and BIS values were recorded after 10 min for 1 min at 10 s intervals. In Group D, BIS was recorded for desflurane for 1 min at 10 s intervals followed by a caudal block with the same dose.Statistical Analysis Used:Dixon up-down method with a step size of 0.5%, and probit analysis were used for analysis.Results:A total of 39 patients were enrolled. MAC of desflurane for maintaining MACBIS50 was 5.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.22–5.95) in Group D and 4.31 (95% CI 3.12–5.08) in Group C. The use of caudal anesthesia lowered the MAC of desflurane for maintaining MACBIS50 in children by 22.36% (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The use of caudal analgesia significantly reduced MAC of desflurane for maintaining MACBIS50 in children undergoing infraumbilical surgeries using LMA.

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“…Pojęciem głębokości znieczulenia ogólnego określa się stopień depresji centralnego układu nerwowego na skutek działania leków anestetycznych, w zależności od ich potencjału i podawanego stężenia (42). Za pożądany poziom podczas wykonywania zabiegu chirurgicznego uważa się fazę III i poziom 2-3, co odpowiada spełnieniu czterech podstawowych warunków znieczulenia ogólnego: zniesienia świadomości (hypnosis), zniesienia bólu (analgesia), zwiotczenia mięśni szkieletowych (relaxatio) i zniesienia (części) odruchów (areflexio).…”

Section: Monitoring Znieczulenia Ogólnegounclassified

Equine general anesthesia monitoring – review of the methods and current knowledge

Drewnowska¹,

Lisowska²,

Turek³

2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The high anesthetic mortality rate and high number of the postanesthetic side effects in horses generates the need for precise assessment of Central Nervous System depression caused by the anesthetic agents. The factors which influence the degree of CNS depression can be human-dependent (i.e. veterinarian level of education), conditionally human-dependent (i.e. type of surgery performed) or not human-dependent (i.e. breed, individual susceptibility to anesthetics). In order to monitor and assess the level of equine anesthesia, the modified Guedel scale is used currently. There are 3 types of monitoring according to its accuracy: basic, routine and used in special cases. The monitored vital parameters can give either direct or indirect measurement on the cardiovascular and respiratory system during anesthesia. In this paper the types of measurement techniques and the practical use of ECG, pulse, eye signs, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, pulse oximetry, capnography, end tidal anesthetics concentration and blood gases were described. More parameters can be measured, but not all of them can be used in everyday practice, because of the complicated invasive technique. Currently the research are led on direct monitoring of CNS through intraanesthetic EEG analysis..

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Depth of general anaesthesia monitors

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats

Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats

Minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane for maintaining BIS below 50 in children and effect of caudal analgesia on it

Equine general anesthesia monitoring – review of the methods and current knowledge

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