Depth of Seed Burial and Gender Influence Weed Seed Predation by Three Species of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Kulkarni, Sharavari S.; Dosdall, Lloyd M.; Spence, John R.; Willenborg, Christian J.

doi:10.1614/ws-d-15-00080.1

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Bengtsson et al [9] and Ryan et al [53] also found a greater abundance of weed seeds, insect pests and, concomitantly, more carabid beetles in organic systems compared with conventional systems. By contrast, previous studies have suggested that increased soil disturbance due to the fact that tillage in organic fields may reduce ground beetle habitat suitability [47] and bury weed seeds, thereby excluding seed-preying beetles [54], and increasing the beetle larvae and adult mortality [55]. Assessing the mechanisms driving farming systems impacts on ground beetles was beyond the scope of our study, but it could be a valuable topic for further investigation to better understand their population dynamics and functional role in the dryland agroecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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Farming systems act as ecological filters impacting cropland associated biodiversity; however, the extent of these effects is largely unknown in the drylands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), a key conventional and organic crop production region. In this 3-year (2013-2015) on-farm study, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the effects of conventional and organic farming systems on weed and ground beetle (carabidae) communities. We observed 25 weed species in conventional and 44 in organic fields. Weed species richness and weed species evenness were 237% and 137% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. We collected a total of 1520 beetle specimens, representing 28 species in conventional and 37 in organic fields. Beetle activity-density and species richness were 220% and 156% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. Both weed and ground beetle communities differed between conventional and organic fields, indicating that farming systems act as distinct ecological filters. We conclude that, in the drylands of the NGP, adoption of organic farming enhances weed abundance which could have potential management challenges, but provide floral resources to the pollinators and parasitoids. Similarly, greater diversity of ground beetles could enhance conservation biological control of crop pests, ultimately supporting for sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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“…Therefore, interpretation of our results is limited accordingly, and fully understanding how seed predation affects plant communities will require expanding information on other important seed predator taxa. Nonetheless, studies evaluating the relative importance of key post‐dispersal seed predator guilds tend to show that rodents are dominant seed predators across systems, with other prominent guilds like ants being most important in desert and Mediterranean systems, and invertebrates, birds and larger mammals playing more variable roles (Brown et al 1975; Mares & Rosenzweig 1978; Whelan et al 1991; de Casenave et al 1998; Hulme 1998; Kelt et al 2004; Haas & Heske 2005; Carrillo‐Gavilán et al 2010, Kulkarni et al 2015). Even so, these other seed predator taxa can be very influential, and size‐dependent seed predation by ants and has been shown to affect plant coexistence (Petry et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed size predicts global effects of small mammal seed predation on plant recruitment

et al. 2020

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Recent studies demonstrate that by focusing on traits linked to fundamental plant life-history trade-offs, ecologists can begin to predict plant community structure at global scales. Yet, consumers can strongly affect plant communities, and means for linking consumer effects to key plant traits and community assembly processes are lacking. We conducted a global literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether seed size, a trait representing fundamental life-history trade-offs in plant offspring investment, could predict post-dispersal seed predator effects on seed removal and plant recruitment. Seed size predicted small mammal seed removal rates and their impacts on plant recruitment consistent with optimal foraging theory, with intermediate seed sizes most strongly impacted globallyfor both native and exotic plants. However, differences in seed size distributions among ecosystems conditioned seed predation patterns, with relatively large-seeded species most strongly affected in grasslands (smallest seeds), and relatively small-seeded species most strongly affected in tropical forests (largest seeds). Such size-dependent seed predation has profound implications for coexistence among plants because it may enhance or weaken opposing life-history trade-offs in an ecosystem-specific manner. Our results suggest that seed size may serve as a key life-history trait that can integrate consumer effects to improve understandings of plant coexistence.

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“…van Ast et al, 2005). In addition, the seeds remaining at the soil surface may be prone to increased seed predation by ground beetles as shown with ordinary weed seeds (Kulkarni et al, 2015). The increased living and dead biomass of cover crops, in addition, may further increase abundance and activity of the micro-fauna and therefore seed predation (Pullaro et al, 2006) and decay.…”

Section: Can Conservation Agriculture Contribute To (Parasitic) Weed mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of cover crops, mulch, zero-tillage and resistant varieties on Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze in rice-maize rotation systems

Randrianjafizanaka

Autfray

Andrianaivo

et al. 2018

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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In low-input rice-maize rotation systems in the hills of central Madagascar, farmers deal with erratic rainfall, poor soils, high soil erosion risks and infestation by the parasitic weed Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze. Practices combining zero-tillage with permanent soil cover by intercropped legumes and crop residue mulches-known as Conservation Agriculture (CA)-are proposed as remedy against soil and climatic constraints. Implications of these practices for S. asiatica are unknown. A 4-season factorial experiment compared the current farmer practice of rice-maize rotation, involving seasonal tillage and crop residue removal (CONV), with three rice-maize rotation systems following CA with different cover crops, i.e. Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and Mucuna pruriens (CACM), Vigna umbellata (ricebean) (CARB), and Stylosanthes guianensis (CAST). Performance of two rice varieties, NERICA-4 and-9, with partial S. asiatica resistance, were compared with the locally popular B22. Parasite emergence time, numbers, and seed bank sizes were recorded. In all CA practices S. asiatica infection was significantly reduced. Best results were obtained with Stylosanthes guianensis (CAST). This species also suppressed ordinary weeds much better than other cover crops. With CAST, average parasite emergence was delayed by 7.5 days (in rice) and 6.3 days (in maize) and infection levels were reduced by 79% (in rice) and 92% (in maize) compared to the conventional farmer practice (CONV). NERICA varieties delayed S. asiatica emergence by 5.7 days (NERICA-9) and 9.7 days (NERICA-4) and reduced infection levels by 57% (NERICA-9) and 91% (NERICA-4) compared to B22. In maize the residual effect of resistance of NERICA-4 resulted in a delay of 7.5 days in S. asiatica emergence and a reduction of 60% in parasite numbers. The best combinations delay S. asiatica emergence by 17.8 days (CAST + NERICA-9) and 19.1 days (CARB + NERICA-4) and reduce the parasite infection levels by 96% (CAST + NERICA-9 or-4) to 98% (CARB + NERICA-4) in rice, compared to CONV + B22. After two full rice-maize rotation cycles S. asiatica seed numbers in the soil (0-10 cm) were 76% (CACM), 78% (CAST) and 86% (CARB) lower

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Depth of Seed Burial and Gender Influence Weed Seed Predation by Three Species of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Seed size predicts global effects of small mammal seed predation on plant recruitment

Combined effects of cover crops, mulch, zero-tillage and resistant varieties on Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze in rice-maize rotation systems

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