Depth profiling characterization of the nitride layers on gas nitrided commercially pure titanium

Mohammadi, Malihe; Akbari, Alireza; Warchomicka, Fernando; Pichon, L.

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111453

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Concerning the N diffusion region, the TiN 0.3 precipitates did not generate a continuous layer as observed for the gas nitriding pure titanium [11], while distributed in the form of coarser needles and seemed to have strong orientation relationships with the substrate. Definitely, alloying elements played a crucial role in the final morphology evolution of the precipitates.…”

Section: Nitriding Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In figure 3(b), the Ti 2p spectrum was deconvoluted into eight synthetic peaks. The peaks at the binding energies of (458.77, 464.47 eV) and (454.79, 460.79 eV) were attributed to the Ti-O bond in the TiO 2 and the Ti-N bond in the TiN, respectively, and the peaks located at the binding energies of 457.86 and 463.26 eV represented the satellite feature of the TiN, whose intensities would be affected by TiN x stoichiometry [11]. According to reports in the literature [12], TiN x O y compounds could be formed by the reaction of TiN with O.…”

Section: Phase Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Depth profiling analysis of the nitriding layer formed by gas nitriding of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy

Sun,

Song,

Luo

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The gas nitriding of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy was performed in a pure nitrogen atmosphere at 1200 °C with different holding times. The variations in the phase constituents, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the nitriding layer with depth were characterized by SEM, XRD, and nanoindentation. Depending on the phase distributions in depth, the nitriding layer could be sequentially divided into an external nitride layer mainly consisting of TiN, an internal nitride layer consisting of TiN, Ti2N and TiN0.3, and an N diffusion region consisting of TiN0.3. The mechanical properties were closely associated with the phase constituents, where the nanohardness of the internal nitride layer, internal nitride layer N diffusion region and substrate were about 17.126±0.399, 12.120±0.386, 5.627±1.080, and 3.632±0.116 GPa, respectively. In the nitriding process, the N diffusion region containing needle-like TiN0.3 precipitates formed in the initial nitriding stage, and then the precipitates were gradually converted to the external and internal nitride layers, whose thickness increased with the nitriding time. Furthermore, the influence of the alloying element redistribution on the N diffusion mechanism was discussed.

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Section: Nitriding Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Phase Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth profiling analysis of the nitriding layer formed by gas nitriding of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy

Sun,

Song,

Luo

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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“…The Vickers microhardness was measured with a PMT-3M instrument (LOMO, sankt-peterburg, rf) under an indenter load of 50 and 10 g (HV 0.05 and HV 0.01 ). The thickness of the nitride layer was determined through metallographic and hardness profile methods [32,36,37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Wear-Resistance of BT22 Titanium Alloy by Forming Nano-Cellular Topography via Laser-Thermochemical Processing

et al. 2023

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This paper studies the microstructure, phase composition and tribological response of BT22 bimodal titanium alloy samples, which were selectively laser-processed before nitriding. Laser power was selected to obtain a maximum temperature just a little above the α↔β transus point. This allows for the formation of a nano-fine cell-type microstructure. The average grain size of the nitrided layer obtained in this study was 300–400 nm, and 30–100 nm for some smaller cells. The width of the “microchannels” between some of them was 2–5 nm. This microstructure was detected on both the intact surface and the wear track. XRD tests proved the prevailing formation of Ti2N. The thickness of the nitride layer was 15–20 μm between the laser spots, and 50 μm below them, with a maximum surface hardness of 1190 HV0.01. Microstructure analyses revealed nitrogen diffusion along the grain boundaries. Tribological studies were performed using a PoD tribometer in dry sliding conditions, with a counterpart fabricated from untreated titanium alloy BT22. The comparative wear test indicates the superiority of the laser+nitrided alloy over the one that was only nitrided: the weight loss was 28% lower, with a 16% decrease in the coefficient of friction. The predominant wear mechanism of the nitrided sample was determined to be micro-abrasive wear accompanied by delamination, while that of the laser+nitrided sample was micro-abrasive wear. The cellular microstructure of the nitrided layer obtained after the combined laser-thermochemical processing helps to withstand substrate deformations and provide better wear-resistance.

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“…Author Year Main Focus Material studied Process parameter Properties examined [24] 2017 Two-stage laser plasma nitriding Pure titanium -case hardened -case hardness value -case depth [25] 2019 Sputtering technique (deposition) Titanium -coating deposited for different times -corrosion behaviour -tribocorrosion test [26] 2017 Diffusion hardening by vacuum rapid nitriding Pure titanium -pre-heat treatment with interval 10 o C at temp 700-800 o C -depth of hardened layer -friction resistance [27] 2023 Gas nitriding Ti-6Al-4V -gas nitriding by 99,99% purity of nitrogen at 1073 o K -microhardness -thickness of nitriding layer [28] 2017 Microstructure shape characteristics and mechanical tests were undertaken as evidence to demonstrate the impact of temperature on mechanical characteristics [38,39,40]. Nitrogen can permeate the titanium base through different processes.…”

Section: Table 2 Summary Of the Research On Hot-roll By Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Nitriding: A Systematic Literature Review

Yuda,

Arifin,

Yani

et al. 2024

KEM

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In the last twenty years, the manufacturing of titanium and its alloys for commercial use continued to expand. As this material has several very advantageous properties, leading to increasing applications in various industries, it is seldom used in mechanical engineering applications due to its tribological properties, which are unfavourable. The nitriding process is one of the most frequently used thermochemical processes designed to enhance the surface characteristics of titanium alloys and improve tribological properties. Various types of nitriding for titanium are studied, such as ion nitriding, plasma nitriding, laser nitriding and gas nitriding. This article provides a comprehensive examination of research papers on different advancements through a systematic literature review conducted in the period 2017-2023 about titanium nitriding for its process parameters, characteristics and functionalities of the product, particularly emphasising their contributions in surface characteristics and mechanical properties. The review seeks to offer an understanding of how the predominant processing factors, specifically temperature and time, affect the microstructure and the creation of novel phases. This review suggests a challenge for future researchers to investigate mechanisms of microstructure evolution and its impact on mechanical properties in conditioned environments to microhardness and ability to withstand rusting of titanium and its alloys.

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Depth profiling characterization of the nitride layers on gas nitrided commercially pure titanium

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Depth profiling analysis of the nitriding layer formed by gas nitriding of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy

Depth profiling analysis of the nitriding layer formed by gas nitriding of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy

Improving the Wear-Resistance of BT22 Titanium Alloy by Forming Nano-Cellular Topography via Laser-Thermochemical Processing

Titanium Nitriding: A Systematic Literature Review

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