Depurando la Terminologia Anatomica: Apertura y Foramen, Dos Similitudes y Redundancia Terminológica

Abstract

: apertura y forámen, dos similitudes y redundancia terminológica. Int. J. Morphol., 30(4):1497-1499, 2012. RESUMEN:El uso redundante de términos en el campo de la morfología, además de dificultar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, va en contra de los preceptos establecidos por el Programa Federativo Internacional para la Terminología Anatómica (FIPAT) sobre el uso de una terminología anatómica unificada, mediante la cual se pretende evitar la redundancia terminológica. Se propone suprimir el término apertura piriforme y reemplazarlo por el término foramen piriforme, con el fin de evitar la ambigüedad y la utilización de distintos nombres que describen a una estructura de similares características.PALABRAS CLAVE: Apertura; Foramen; Terminología. INTRODUCCIÓN"Quien no conoce bien la fuerza de las palabras no puede conocer bien a los hombres" (Confucio).El término apertura deriva del término latín aperire que significa abrir, palabra utilizada para designar un orificio (Dorland, 2005), abertura o agujero (Braier, 1980;Dorland, 2005;García de Diego, 2000;Soukhanov, 1992), este último término se acostumbra utilizar como sinónimo (Diccionario Terminológico de Ciencias Médicas, 1983), se trata de una palabra que deriva de la voz aguja, la cual proviene del latín acúcula que denota una abertura redondeada donde la partícula ac da la idea de penetrante (Del Hovo et al., 1977). El término foramen es otra palabra latina utilizada para designar un agujero, orificio o abertura (García de Diego; Diccionario Terminológico de Ciencias Médicas; Dorland, 1994).La apertura piriforme es un orificio con forma de pera (Dauber, 2007), el cual describe aquel espacio delimitado por las maxilas y los huesos nasales y que corresponde al orificio de entrada a la cavidad nasal (Moore & Dalley, 2007;Coello & Coello, 2009) contribuyendo a la formación de la nariz, cuya morfología varía de acuerdo a los grupos étni-cos y al sexo (Prado et al., 2011). En la Terminologia Anatomica, el término "apertura" aparece relacionado en la norma facial como un componente del cráneo, sólo y específicamente para la apertura piriforme [A02.100.088] (FICAT, 1998) (ver Fig. 1

Uso de epónimos médicos y términos anatómicos obsoletos durante el XIII Congreso Colombiano de Morfología de 2017

“…Eponyms, in general, do not describe the findings associated with a disease or with the structure to which they are associated; 17 therefore, they do not provide any relevant information that would allow establishing or knowing what the structure is. 6 However, the defenders of their use argue that scientific names are more difficult to remember and communicate. 17 The names in Terminologia Anatomica were designed using an analytical method and morphofunctional reasoning that allowed constructing a well-structured morphological language, 5 in which the terms intrinsically contain anatomical and functional information that clearly describes each structure.…”

“…18 However, if professors, experts, and researchers in the field of morphological sciences do not comply with the precepts established by FICAT regarding the correct use of terminology, and instead persist in the use of an unofficial language with a predominance of eponyms and obsolete anatomical terms, they will be leading to a terminological chaos that affects understanding. 6 This is precisely what has happened in important events such as the 13 th Colombian Congress of Morphology in 2017, the 18 th Congress of International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, held in Beijing (China) in 2014, 9 This lack of clarity in communication due to the misuse of terminological language is worrisome, since the transmission of morphological knowledge is hindered by not being captured or learned as it should be, and this is reflected in learning problems and school failure. 19,20 This creates an urgent need to reinforce the appropriate use of international anatomical terminology among the new generations of students and health professionals, which will prevent the continued use of obsolete eponyms and terms in and out of the classroom in the near future.…”

“…4 With the creation of the Basle Nomina Anatomica in 1895 and the subsequent codes of terminology, the multiplicity of terms used to name the same structure began to be refined, allowing morphologists and other health professionals to begin to speak the same language; however, the use of eponyms has persisted. These terms do not provide any relevant information 6 about the structure under study, and its use is inconsistent, arbitrary and often influenced by the geography and local culture of the time. 7 In this sense, it could be said that the allocation of these names has some degree of randomness 8 and injustice, constituting a blunder for the logic of current thinking.…”