The behavior displayed shortly before and during the time the female guinea pig is sexually receptive has been described (17, ! 18). Most important for the investigator is the straightening of the back and the elevation of the pudenda when the female is stroked on the back or mounted by a male because the period during which this response can be elicited is the period of sexual receptivity. Its length varies from 1 to more than 30 hours and averages 8 to 9 hours. Entirely different from the copulatory response, but usually associated with it, is the display of malelike mounting activity. This behavior is shown most commonly about the beginning of heat and its extent varies greatly. However, no correlation exists between the frequency of mounting and the length of heat. The latter may be unaccompanied by mounting activity, or cyclic periods of mounting activity may occur in the absence of heat. Obviously, therefore, mounting activity cannot be relied on for the identification of heat. For this purpose and for estimation of the time of ovulation which occurs near the end of heat, dependence must be placed on the copulatory response.The reliability of the response is indicated by diverse observations and experiments. During more than 2000 experiences in mating guinea pigs, only rarely if ever did a female from which 1 This investigation was supported by a grant from the Committee for Research in Problems of Sex, National Research Council. 1 References to the observations of other investigators are cited in this article. 49 50 YOUNG, DEMPSEY, HAGQUIST AND BOLING * We are deeply indebted to Messrs. Richard J. Blandau, Vincent J. Collins and Dr. Roy Hertz for assistance in observing the animals. Likewise we wish to thank Dr. Erwin Schwenk of the Schering Corporation for his generous contributions of Progynon-B, Oreton, Oreton-B and Proluton, and Dr. Oliver Kamm of the Parke, Davis Company for his kindness in supplying Theelin.