„Der Wolf im Schafspelz“

Botsford, Janina; Steinbrink, Maja; Steil, Regina; Rosner, Rita; Renneberg, Babette

doi:10.1007/s00278-018-0317-x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…At the same time, the results underline the finding that an increased sense of fear is associated with an increased expectation of the occurrence of future negative events (Dickson & Moberly, 2013;MacLeod et al, 1997;Raune et al, 2005) and thus has an important influence on the perceived psychological stress (Dyrbye et al, 2006): subjects with a high post-state anxiety associated the expectation of the occurrence of intrusions with a higher level of physical and psychological impairment (e.g., "If I re-experience contents of the film in the next week, this will mean extreme stress for my body."). The statistically significant negative influence of expectations on intrusion experience, in turn, is congruent with established cognitive models and theories that ascribe a central role to dysfunctional cognitions in the development and maintenance of PTSD (Botsford et al, 2019;Brewin et al, 1996;Ehlers & Clark, 2000;Foa et al, 1989;Horowitz, 1986;Resick & Schnicke, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

How expectations shape the formation of intrusive memories – An experimental study using the trauma film paradigm

Herzog¹,

Barth²,

Rief³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: Although intrusions are the hallmark symptom of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), there is still limited knowledge about the processes that contribute to the development of intrusions. Here, we used the well-established trauma film paradigm (TFP) to investigate how expectations about the intensity and controllability of intrusions influence their occurrence. Methods: 90 healthy participants underwent the TFP before they were randomized to one of three conditions manipulating their expectations about intrusions: positive expectations group; negative expectations group; control group. The primary outcome was the frequency and severity of intrusive memories as assessed with an intrusion diary over seven days.Results: The TFP was well implemented, as indicated by significant post-film anxiety and a substantial number of intrusions reported for the subsequent week. The three groups did not differ in their expectations about intrusions and, relatedly, in their experience of intrusions. A mediation analysis revealed that the influence of post-film anxiety on intrusive memories was fully mediated by expectations. Conclusion: Despite the failure of the expectation manipulation, the results of the mediation analysis support the hypothesis that post-film expectations influence the formation of intrusive memories, suggesting that intrusions may result from maladaptive dynamics between emotional and cognitive processes following trauma(like) experiences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

How expectations shape the formation of intrusive memories – An experimental study using the trauma film paradigm

Herzog¹,

Barth²,

Rief³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Overall, our findings confirm that experiences of interpersonal violence are associated with a higher impact on worldviews (Breslau et al, 2004;Chapman et al, 2012). These are experiences that confront the person with his or her vision of others and connect with experiences of intimacy, trust and care (Botsford et al, 2019), sense of security and bonding (Barazzone et al, 2018), predictability and sense of control over one's life (Frazier, 2003) among others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Perceived resistance to experiences of trauma and crisis: A study comparing multiple life events.

Pérez–Sales¹,

Vergara-Campos²,

Eiroá-Orosa³

et al. 2022

Traumatology

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Perceived resistance to experiences of trauma and crisis. A study comparing multiple life events.

Pérez–Sales¹,

Vergara-Campos²,

Fj³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose. Subjective perception is considered a key element in the prediction of resistant or vulnerable responses to trauma and crisis. This study aimed to assess the relationship between perceived physical life threat (PT) and perceived life impact (PI) with post-traumatic symptomatology (PTSD), in a sample of 3.565 persons from 12 countries across nine different traumatic events. Methods . Participants were classified into four groups of self-perceived resistance based on their levels of PT and PI. Results . Main results show Non-affected was the most frequent category in natural catastrophes (48.9%), migration (45.9%), motor vehicle accidents (39.83%), and death threats (33.4%). In the case of sexual abuse by a relative or close person (44.5%), sexual abuse by a stranger (33.9%), and having a severe, chronic, or disabling illness (47.3%), the most frequent category was Survivor . For domestic violence, the most frequent category was Vulnerable (45.5%). Resistant was never the most frequent category for any of the events studied. Although gender and lower education predicted PTSD in most events of trauma and crisis, they were a weak predictor of vulnerable versus resistance categories. Conclusion These results suggest that the Perceived Resistance Indicator can provide insights into the narratives of resistance or vulnerability associated with extreme experiences.

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„Der Wolf im Schafspelz“

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

How expectations shape the formation of intrusive memories – An experimental study using the trauma film paradigm

How expectations shape the formation of intrusive memories – An experimental study using the trauma film paradigm

Perceived resistance to experiences of trauma and crisis: A study comparing multiple life events.

Perceived resistance to experiences of trauma and crisis. A study comparing multiple life events.

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