Der Zelltod

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der postmortalen Veränderungen und der anatomisch-histologischen Struktur einiger Organe der Karpfen

“…Fur das Ausmai3 der postmortalen Veranderungen ist von Bedeutung, unter welchen Temperaturen der Organismus nach dem Tode steht (MULLER, 1955). Die fermentativen Vorgange laufen bekanntlich bei hoheren Temperaturen bis zu einem bestimmten Maximum schneller ab, wahrend tiefere Temperaturen diese Prozesse hemmen.…”

Effect of in vivo Application of the Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 (Rökan®) on the Susceptibility of Mammalian Retinal Cells to Proteolytic Enzymes

“…Its blood supply depends on both the choroidal vessels nourishing the outer retinal layers (mainly the photoreceptors) and the intraretinal vessels feeding the inner layers [1][2][3]. Retinal energy demands are very high [4], and many injuries lead to degeneration of retinal cells, e.g., events that weaken the ad herence between retina and underlying cho roid (ablatio retinae due to foreign-body pene tration, pressure trauma, or preretinal mem brane formation in diabetics), impaired blood supply in glaucoma, ischemia, atherosclerosis, inflammation, congenital degenerative dis ease, or retinopathy of prematurity [5], What ever the origin, a circulus vitiosus arises, since degenerating cells release proteolytic (lyso somal) enzymes that may damage neighbour ing cells [6,7], Furthermore, mammalian reti nae contain abundant microglial cells [8][9][10] which play a role in the digestion of impaired retinal cells [11], In the CNS such processes might be aggravated by the release of free rad icals that have damaging effects on lipids and proteins [11][12][13]. Free radicals have been pro posed as important pathogenetic agents in diabetic retinopathy [14][15][16] and other retinal injuries [11,[17][18][19][20][21][22].…”