“…Unlike for the free surface, where, building on the fundamental work of Stokes, we expect a harmonic structure to the higher harmonics we do not have a similar theoretical basis, to arbitrary order, for forces on a column. Recent work [5,11], as well as unpublished work from the De-Risk project [20], does suggest that this may be a good model for non-breaking waves on columns. Clearly for breaking waves the physics is strongly non-linear and a model based on powers of some linear timeseries will not be appropriate.…”