Derivation and comparison of fundamental uncertainty limits for laser-two-focus velocimetry, laser Doppler anemometry and Doppler global velocimetry

Optics and Spectroscopy for Fluid Characterization

“…L2F and PTV are selected to represent time-of-flight techniques with time and space measurements, respectively. [73,166,167]. A comprehensive study of the shot noise limits of the different DGV techniques is contained in a topical contribution by Fischer [79].…”

“…The calculation of the Cramér-Rao bound was demonstrated by Lading and Jørgensen in 1983 and 1990 [173,174]. A detailed derivation is also contained in [167] and [165].…”

Imaging Flow Velocimetry with Laser Mie Scattering

“…For DGV, the first error propagation calculation including photon shot noise is from McKenzie in 1996 [138]. Fischer et al investigated the Cramér-Rao bound due to photon shot noise for DGV with and without laser frequency modulation in 2008 and 2010 [73,166,167]. A comprehensive study of the shot noise limits of the different DGV techniques is contained in a topical contribution by Fischer [79].…”

“…An error propagation calculation for noise with a Poisson distribution was given by Oliver in 1980 [172] and the calculation of the Cramér-Rao bound followed by Fischer in 2010 and 2016 [165,167].…”

“…The calculation of the Cramér-Rao bound was demonstrated by Lading andJørgensen in 1983 and1990 [173,174]. A detailed derivation is also contained in [167] and [165].…”