Derivation of effective hydraulic parameters of a Karst Aquifer from discharge hydrograph analysis

Baedke, Steve J.; Krothe, Noel C.

doi:10.1029/2000wr900247

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Other researchers use a triple porosity concept for the description of karst aquifers, where groundwater flow is attributed to conduits, pores of the rock matrix and an intermediate flow system representing fissures and joints (e.g. Worthington et al, 2000;Baedke and Krothe, 2001). In the conceptual model of the present study, the simpler dual-porosity concept is used, which is well suited to describe the nitrate characteristics of the observed karst springs.…”

Section: Conceptual Model Of Nitrate Responses In Karst Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Huebsch

Fenton

Horan

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Nitrate (NO −3 ) contamination of groundwater associated with agronomic activity is of major concern in many countries. Where agriculture, thin free draining soils and karst aquifers coincide, groundwater is highly vulnerable to nitrate contamination. As residence times and denitrification potential in such systems are typically low, nitrate can discharge to surface waters unabated. However, such systems also react quickest to agricultural management changes that aim to improve water quality. In response to storm events, nitrate concentrations can alter significantly, i.e. rapidly decreasing or increasing concentrations. The current study examines the response of a specific karst spring situated on a grassland farm in South Ireland to rainfall events utilising high-resolution nitrate and discharge data together with onfarm borehole groundwater fluctuation data. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to formulate a scientific hypothesis of possible scenarios relating to nitrate responses during storm events, and to verify this hypothesis using additional case studies from the literature. This elucidates the controlling key factors that lead to mobilisation and/or dilution of nitrate concentrations during storm events. These were land use, hydrological condition and karstification, which in combination can lead to differential responses of mobilised and/or diluted nitrate concentrations. Furthermore, the results indicate that nitrate response in karst is strongly dependent on nutrient source, whether mobilisation and/or dilution occur and on the pathway taken. This will have consequences for the delivery of nitrate to a surface water receptor. The current study improves our understanding of nitrate responses in karst systems and therefore can guide environmental modellers, policy makers and drinking water managers with respect to the regulations of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD). In future, more research should focus on the high-resolution monitoring of karst aquifers to capture the high variability of hydrochemical processes, which occur at time intervals of hours to days.

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Section: Conceptual Model Of Nitrate Responses In Karst Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Huebsch

Fenton

Horan

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Separating the hydrograph of karst springs has been the subject of numerous studies over several decades, using recession analysis (e.g., Atkinson, 1977;Baedke and Krothe, 2001;Fiorillo, 2014;Fu et al, 2016;Geyer et al, 2008;Kovács and Perrochet, 2008;Kovács et al, 2005;Mangin, 1975;Padilla et al, 1994). Recession analysis can be applied at the flood scale or at the annual scale.…”

Section: Quantification Of Baseflow and Quickflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater management of a highly dynamic karst by assessing baseflow and quickflow with a rainfall-discharge model (Dardennes springs, SE France)

Baudement

Arfib

Mazzilli

et al. 2017

Bull. Soc. géol. Fr.

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-This paper aims at characterizing the groundwater flow in a highly dynamic karst aquifer using a global modeling approach based on rainfall and spring discharge time series. The Dardennes aquifer (SE France) was studied as it is used for drinking water supply and it also produces karst flash floods that increase the flood hazard downstream in urban areas. Three years of data were available, including a normal rainy year, a wet year and a dry year. Modeling was performed with the new platform KarstMod, a rainfalldischarge model with calibration tools. The Dardennes aquifer model was structured with three interconnected reservoirs: Epikarst, Matrix, and Conduit. Using this modeling approach, we were able to determine the groundwater hydrograph separation of the karst spring discharge, at the annual scale and at the event scale (flood). This gives insight into the low flow (Matrix) available for the drinking water demand and the fast flow (Conduit) that generates flash floods. In such a dynamic aquifer, part of the water budget cannot be accounted for by water resources as fast flow is not stored within the aquifer and is not available for the drinking water demand. The results were compared with the current groundwater management to determine whether the withdrawal is sustainable. Depending on whether it is a wet or a dry year, the proportion of slow flow ranges from 27 to 61% of the total discharge, respectively. During floods in high water periods, the proportion of quickflow increases drastically up to more than 90% of the spring discharge. In the case of a 300 mm/d simulated Mediterranean rainfall event, the mean daily peak value may reach 74 m 3 /s. This discharge can be reduced if the aquifer is previously depleted, which increases the storage within the aquifer. Coupling the geological context and the model results opens up future perspectives for the active management of the karst aquifer. disponible pour les besoins en eau potable et l'écoulement rapide (Conduit) qui génère des crues éclairs. Dans les systèmes hyper-dynamiques, une partie de l'eau qui transite ne peut pas être comptabilisée comme ressource en eau car l'écoulement rapide n'est pas stocké dans l'aquifère et n'est donc pas disponible pour alimenter la demande en eau potable. Les résultats sont comparés avec la gestion actuelle des eaux souterraines afin de montrer si l'exploitation de l'eau est durable. Selon l'année, la proportion de débit de base varie entre 27 et 61 % du débit total, respectivement selon une année pluvieuse ou sèche. Lors des crues en période de hautes-eaux, la proportion du débit rapide augmente considérablement jusqu'à plus de 90 % du débit total des sources. Dans le cas d'un événement pluvieux de type Méditerranéen avec 300 mm/j de pluie, le débit moyen maximum simulé avec le modèle atteint 74 m 3 /s. Ce débit peut être réduit si l'aquifère est déjà déprimé, ce qui augmente le stockage de l'eau. Le couplage du contexte géologique et des résultats du modèle ouvre une perspective future pour une gestion active ...

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“…As a matter of fact, the pure exponential extremity of the depletion curve does not give any information on the hydraulic properties of the low permeable volumes, but rather on the resulting hydraulic properties of the set channel network/matrix volumes. Nevertheless, matrix speci®c yields and transmissivities are nowadays often still derived from the slope of the recession curve by ®tting the data with an exponential function (Shevenell, 1996;Baedke and Krothe, 2001).…”

Section: One-dimensional Storage Coef®cientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical 1D dual-porosity equivalent solutions to 3D discrete single-continuum models. Application to karstic spring hydrograph modelling

Cornaton

Perrochet

2002

Journal of Hydrology

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One-dimensional analytical porosity-weighted solutions of the dual-porosity model are derived, providing insights on how to relate exchange and storage coef®cients to the volumetric density of the high-permeability medium. It is shown that porosityweighted storage and exchange coef®cients are needed when handling highly heterogeneous systemsÐsuch as karstic aquifersÐusing equivalent dual-porosity models. The sensitivity of these coef®cients is illustrated by means of numerical experiments with theoretical karst systems. The presented 1D dual-porosity analytical model is used to reproduce the hydraulic responses of reference 3D karst aquifers, modelled by a discrete single-continuum approach. Under various stress conditions, simulation results show the relations between the dual-porosity model coef®cients and the structural features of the discrete single-continuum model. The calibration of the equivalent 1D analytical dual-porosity model on reference hydraulic responses con®rms the dependence of the exchange coef®cient with the karstic network density. The use of the analytical model could also point out some fundamental structural properties of the karstic network that rule the shape of the hydraulic responses, such as density and connectivity.

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Derivation of effective hydraulic parameters of a Karst Aquifer from discharge hydrograph analysis

Abstract: Abstract. In well-developed karst terrains, three or more distinct portions of the karst continuum can be identified from hydrographs of springs issuing from the karst aquifer.

Cited by 70 publications

References 16 publications

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Groundwater management of a highly dynamic karst by assessing baseflow and quickflow with a rainfall-discharge model (Dardennes springs, SE France)

Analytical 1D dual-porosity equivalent solutions to 3D discrete single-continuum models. Application to karstic spring hydrograph modelling

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