Derivation of lake mixing and stratification indices from high-resolution lake buoy data

Read, Jordan S.; Hamilton, David P.; Jones, Ian D.; Muraoka, Kohji; Winslow, Luke; Kroiss, Ryan; Wu, Chin H.; Gaiser, Evelyn E.

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.05.006

Cited by 390 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Two physical factors (wind and rain) appear to be the main drivers of metabolism across multiple temporal scales, likely by altering lake stratification and mixing. Less wind and rain promote increased stability of the water column, as determined by buoyancy frequency, lake number, and Schmidt stability (Read et al 2011). For all of these metrics, greater stability was positively correlated with GPP and R in Lake Sunapee (Table 2).…”

Section: Drivers Of Intra-annual Metabolism Trendsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We used the buoy data to calculate a number of physical lake metrics at the 10-min scale using thermistor data, including buoyancy frequency, lake number, and Schmidt stability of Lake Sunapee during the monitoring period (Read et al 2011;Bruesewitz et al 2015). We obtained precipitation and air temperature data for 20 May to 15 October for 2008-2013 from the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) website (ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/search, last accessed on 14 October 2014) for Newport, New Hampshire, which is 10 km from the LSPA buoy.…”

Section: Drivers Of Daily Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

et al. 2016

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Lakes are sentinels of change in the landscapes in which they are located. Changes in lake function are reflected in whole-system metabolism, which integrates ecosystem processes across spatial and temporal scales. Recent improvements in high-frequency open-water metabolism modeling techniques have enabled estimation of rates of gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) at high temporal resolution. However, few studies have examined metabolic rates over daily to multi-year temporal scales, especially in oligotrophic ecosystems. Here, we modified a metabolism modeling technique to reveal substantial intra-and interannual variability in metabolic rates in Lake Sunapee, a temperate, oligotrophic lake in New Hampshire, USA. Annual GPP and R increased each summer, paralleling increases in littoral, but not pelagic, total phosphorus concentrations. Storms temporarily decoupled GPP and R, resulting in greater decreases in GPP than R. Daily rates of GPP and R were positively correlated on warm days that had stable water columns, and metabolism model fits were best on warm, sunny days, indicating the importance of lake physics when evaluating metabolic rates. These metabolism data span a range of temporal scales and together suggest that Lake Sunapee may be moving toward mesotrophy. We suggest that functional, integrative metrics, such as metabolic rates, are useful indicators and sentinels of ecosystem change. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities of using high-frequency measurements to elucidate the drivers and consequences of intra-and inter-annual variability in metabolic rates, especially in oligotrophic lakes.

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Section: Drivers Of Intra-annual Metabolism Trendsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Drivers Of Daily Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

et al. 2016

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“…We determined the depth of epilimnion as the shallowest depth with a water-density gradient equal to or above a suitable threshold (, 0.07 kg m 23 m 21 ) for each time step according to Read et al (2011) and will refer to that depth as Z mix . Water density was calculated from temperature (in uC) assuming negligible effects of solutes as in Read et al (2011). The thermocline depth was defined as the depth with the maximum temperature gradient, and the lower limit of the metalimnion was calculated as thermocline depth plus the distance between Z mix and the thermocline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical patterns of metabolism in three contrasting stratified lakes

Obrador

Stæhr

Christensen

2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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Recent advances in open-water measurements suggest significant temporal and spatial variability of gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and respiration (R) with implications for understanding carbon cycling in lakes. This study applied high-frequency depth profiles in three stratified lakes of different trophic status to investigate (1) the importance of vertical variations in metabolic rates, (2) the effects of changes in the depth of the mixed layer (Z mix ) and the photic zone (Z eu ), and (3) the photoacclimative responses of the aquatic autotrophs to changes in these conditions. Taking account of vertical differences in metabolism improved the reliability of whole-areal NEP estimates during stratification. Whereas the hypolimnion was always heterotrophic, and the epilimnion was mostly autotrophic, the metalimnion had NEP . 0 when Z eu . Z mix . Although most of GPP and R occurred in the epilimnion, between 0% and 20% of GPP and 4% and 37% of R took place in the metalimnion. Areal metabolic estimates based on surface measurements deviated up to 60% for GPP and 80% for R when Z eu . Z mix . The vertical variability in metabolism was driven by available light in both the epi-and metalimnion. Coupling between GPP and R was low in all layers and indicated increasing background R with depth. Light utilization efficiency was significantly higher under low light conditions, indicating photophysiological acclimation of phytoplankton to decreasing light in the metalimnion.

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“…An in-depth description of the state-of-the art in measuring and computing lake metabolism, based on high-frequency free-water gas measurements (Staehr et al 2010), helped catalyze researchers to improve measurements as well as the software commonly used in metabolism calculations (Winslow et al 2016). The use of lake physics indices has become more accessible to ecologists through the development of software (LakeMetabolizer; Read et al 2011) that calculates common metrics of lake physical state, such as the depth of the thermocline, Schmidt stability, and buoyancy frequency. The biophysical dynamics of lakes and reservoirs are difficult to model due to ecosystem complexity; however, through leadership of GLEON members with expertise in numerical simulation, an open-source numerical simulation (GLM -AED2) has been developed as a community initiative in support of community needs (Hipsey et al 2013).…”

Section: Multiscale Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networked lake science: how the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) works to understand, predict, and communicate lake ecosystem response to global change

2016

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The Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) has built an international, grassroots network of scientists and citizens, data, and lake observatories to advance understanding of lake ecosystems. Through careful attention to the professional needs and aspirations of a community, GLEON has formed as its foundation the trust and respect essential to product-based network science. As a consequence, GLEON is making significant advancements in lake ecosystem understanding through all "five legs of the table that support scientific understanding"-natural history, multiscale data, experiments, theory, and comparative studies-with particular emphasis on multiscale data and comparative studies. Technical products, such as cyberinfrastructure in support of network data and operations, software tools for calculating lake physical metrics (e.g., thermocline depth, buoyancy frequency, Schmidt stability), and lake metabolism, as well as ecosystem-scale numerical simulation software, have derived from GLEON collaborations and have become community resources catalyzing interdisciplinary science. Education and outreach initiatives have served to engage citizens from outside the traditional boundaries of academia directly in research. Moreover, these cross-boundary collaborations have provided essential links to lake and reservoir stakeholders who have informed how science is prioritized and communicated within GLEON. As a grassroots network, GLEON derives its momentum, flexibility, and impact from its talented members, who are committed to the future sustainability of lakes and reservoirs and the services they provide.

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Derivation of lake mixing and stratification indices from high-resolution lake buoy data

Cited by 390 publications

References 37 publications

Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

Vertical patterns of metabolism in three contrasting stratified lakes

Networked lake science: how the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) works to understand, predict, and communicate lake ecosystem response to global change

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