Derivation of the General Case Sagnac Result Using Non-Time-Orthogonal Analysis

Abstract

The Sagnac time delay and fringe shift dependency on angular velocity and enclosed area are derived from the rotating reference frame using non-time-orthogonal (NTO) tensor analysis. NTO analysis differs from traditional approaches by postulating that the continuous and single valued nature of physical time constrains simultaneity in a rotating frame to be unique (and thus not a matter of convention.) This implies anisotropy in the physical, local speed of light and invalidity of the hypothesis of locality for NTO frames. The Sagnac relationship for the most general case, in which the area enclosed is not circular and does not have the axis of rotation passing through its center, is determined.

Analysis of the Anomalous Brillet and Hall Experimental Result

“…Further, NTO analysis is in complete agreement with all known experiments [10] , [11] , [12] , [13]. Of these experiments, only the Brillet-Hall test has been capable of monitoring any effect due to non-time-orthogonality of the rotating earth fixed reference frame 2 .…”

Hands on GINGER: Seismic Wave measurement

“…Although this relation has been obtained for a circular ring laser, it is possible to show that is valid for every shape [2].…”

Dynamic Quantum Vacuum and Relativity

“…The changes and fluctuations of the quantum vacuum energy density determine a curvature of space-time similar to the curvature produced by a "dark energy" density, through a quantized metric characterizing the underlying microscopic geometry of the 3D quantum vacuum [6]. In order to illustrate in detail this point, let us remember that, in the model proposed by Santos in [11], the quantum vacuum fluctuations give rise to a curvature of space-time similar to the curvature produced by a "dark energy" density by invoking, in the picture of the Friedmann equations is the quantum state of the universe for which the expectation of the stress-energy tensor operator of the quantum fields satisfies equations 0 T for 00 (31) in order to obtain the correct Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric.…”

“…The appropriate time interval is therefore that recorded by a clock co-moving with the HSM. In the laboratory frame the HSM has which allow us to provide a new key of reading of previous results by Klauber [31]. which determines an arena of special relativity in which the temporal coordinate must be clearly considered as a different entity with respect to the spatial coordinates just because the transformation of clocks' run between the two inertial systems does not depend on the spatial coordinates.…”