Derivatization and rapid GC-MS screening of chlorides relevant to the Chemical Weapons Convention in organic liquid samples

Kuitunen, Marja Leena; Altamirano, Jorgelina Cecilia; Siegenthaler, Peter; Taure, Terhi Hannele; Häkkinen, Vesa Antero; Vanninen, Paula

doi:10.1039/d0ay00263a

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Esters as cinnamate derivatives are generally synthesized via esterification involving thionyl chloride as a coupling agent. However, thionyl chloride can be very harmful, indicated by its inclusion in the Chemical Weapons Convention list [8]. Synthesis of esters can also be carried out using N,N -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and organocatalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a coupling agent [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoamyl (E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate

Pamela

Atmaja

Santoso

2023

Molbank

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Isoamyl (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate (1) was obtained from the 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride (MNBA)/4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-catalyzed reaction at room temperature for 190 min in dichloromethane with a yield of 95%. The structure of isoamyl (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate (1) was elucidated using NMR, FTIR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In vitro sun protection factor evaluation exhibited a value of 37.10 ± 0.03 which indicates that isoamyl (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate (1) is a sunscreen agent with high protection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoamyl (E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate

Pamela

Atmaja

Santoso

2023

Molbank

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“…Cinnamic acid esters show biological activities such as antifungal [2], antidiabetic [3], antituberculosis, antimalarial [4], antioxidant [5], antiprotozoal [6], anti-inflammatory [7], and antiproliferative activities [8]. The synthesis of cinnamic acid esters generally involves reactions with thionyl chloride [9], which is one of the chemicals included in the chemical weapon convention (CWC) list [10]. The synthesis of esters can also be carried out using 1,1 -carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) [11] as a coupling agent; however, the resultant intermediate is less reactive than the acyl chloride intermediate [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate

Santoso¹,

Pamela²,

Ramadhani³

et al. 2022

Molbank

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4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was obtained in a good yield by the reaction of 2-methylcinnamic acid, 4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine at room temperature for 40 min. The structure of 4-methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was established by FTIR, NMR, and the high resolution of mass spectroscopies. 4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity than standard drug acarbose. The molecular docking study exhibited that the title compound 1 had a good affinity for α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37) and formed some interactions with the α-glucosidase active site residue.

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Destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles in the Russian Federation: a review

Rozsypal,

Pejchal,

Opravil

et al. 2025

Environ Chem Lett

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Chemical weapons, designed for mass harm, are posing risks of contamination, accidents, and ecological damage, and thus require their destruction. However, destruction of chemical weapons is challenging, notably in the Russian Federation due to the large scale and complexity of chemical weapons stockpiles, the diverse toxic agents stored under varying conditions, logistical and political obstacles, financial constraints, and the disposal process. Here we review the Russian Federation’s chemical weapons disposal program with an emphasis on the political context, declared chemical weapons stockpiles, methods for destruction, health and environmental issues, and nerve agents. We analyze stockpiles totaling nearly 40,000 tonnes of chemical agents across seven facilities, focusing on their composition, storage conditions, and destruction technologies. Methods such as neutralization, bituminization, and thermal destruction are compared. Environmental risks include arsenic migration and groundwater contamination near disposal sites. We observe the limitations of using bitumen salt masses as a safe disposal method.

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Derivatization and rapid GC-MS screening of chlorides relevant to the Chemical Weapons Convention in organic liquid samples

Abstract: Derivatization with 1-propanol for GC-MS analysis allows fast screening of eight scheduled chlorides of the CWC in organic liquid samples.

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Isoamyl (E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate

Isoamyl (E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate

4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate

Destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles in the Russian Federation: a review

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