Derivatization‐free determination of aminoglycosides by CZE–UV in pharmaceutical formulations

Abstract

Aminoglycosides are a relevant class of antibiotics widely used by medics and veterinaries. There are a variety of reasons that make their determination relevant, such as quality control, environment and food contamination assessment, drug-release studies, among others. The lack of a chromophore makes aminoglycoside spectrophotometric detection particularly challenging, often requiring derivatization. In this work, an indirect detection method, making use of imidazole as a probe, applying CZE was successfully tested. It did not require derivatization, which simplified the sample preparation. Suitable figures of merit were obtained; recoveries between 95 and 105%, adequate repeatability and precision, correlation coefficients (r) above 0.998, and limits of detection (LODs) of 3.2 and 11 mg/L for gentamicin and paromomycin, respectively. As a proof-of-concept, it was also applied in a simple controlled release experiment that was well fitted using the Hill equation.

Retracted: A review on the determination of veterinary drug residues in food products

“…It could be explained by modest capillary diameter, the small injection volume and electroosmotic differences because of sample composition. Because the small injection volume leads to low sensitivity, CE has been connected to many perfect sensitivity detectors, containing CL (chemiluminescence) detectors (Dai et al, 2017), UVDs (Donegatti et al, 2020;El-Attug et al, 2011;Li et al, 2016), MS detectors (Moreno-González et al, 2014;Moreno-González et al, 2015), LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) detectors (Shuo et al, 2018), DADs (Ibarra et al, 2012) and ECL (electrochemiluminescence) detectors (Liu et al, 2011) to increase the sensitivity. In that work, a combination between MISPE and MS/MS was employed, which significantly advanced the sensitivity and resolution (detection limit ranging from 0.4 to 28.5 μg/kg).…”

Advances in the Application of Aptamer Biosensors to the Detection of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

“…When an antibiotic is administered, some of the antibiotic is excreted and can cause environmental damage, while the rest remains in the body. Because AGs are highly polar, they are poorly preserved in conventional reversed-phase LC, and they cannot be detected using ultraviolet or fluorescence detectors unless pre-or post-column derivatization is performed because they do not contain chromophores or fluorophores [42][43][44][45]. However, derivatization makes the instrument conditions more complex, and the additional processing steps required lead to loss of the analytical substance.…”

Usefulness of Hybrid Magnetoliposomes for Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Residues Determination in Food Using an Integrated Microfluidic System with Fluorometric Detection

“…The LOD reached using a microfluidic system with liposomes magnetically retained is lower than those obtained using these methodologies separately. The described method presented the same or lower LOD than other methodologies using luminescence detection, such as fluorimetry, 4,19,30,34,35 colorimetry, 16,20 or ultraviolet (UV) 18 detection. In addition, the analysis time of this method was significantly lower than those found in other previously cited methods in the literature (see the cited references in Table 4).…”

“…Since residual AAGs can be found in animal-derived foods, the European Union has established maximum residue limits (MLRs) for these drugs, as shown in Table . Several methods have been described to determine AAGs in food, mainly using chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and immunoassay. − However, there are few methods using flow or microflow techniques. ,− Fluorimetry is frequently used as a detection method, but these compounds do not present native fluorescence. Diverse derivative reagents have been used for this purpose .…”