Derivatization of Humic Compounds: An Analytical Approach for Bound Organic Residues

Application of [U-14C-phenyl]-cyprodinil on spring wheat to investigate the formation and structure of non-extractable residues within the cell wall

“…After an experimental period of 9 weeks, plants were analyzed for 14 C-labelled residues of the fungicide. Special emphasis was on non-extractable residues of cyprodinil; these were examined by a modified cell wall fractionation procedure according to Pillmoore et al [15] and Langebartels and Harms [16], and by treatment with trimethylchlorosilane utilized successfully for effective extraction of soil-bound residues of cyprodinil [17][18][19]. All portions of radioactivity mobilized by these procedures were subsequently subjected to further chromatographic analyses.…”

Bioavailability and desorption characteristics of aged, nonextractable atrazine in soil

“…Bound-residue formation is an important soil-zone mechanism that affects the environmental fate of the herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) and many other organic contaminants [1]. Operationally defined, bound (nonextractable) residues are organic chemicals remaining in soil or organic matter after exhaustive sequential extractions.…”

Using 13C-nmr spectroscopy to evaluate the binding mechanism of bound pesticide residues in soils

“…For all experiments the active ingredient anilazine of the fungicide Dyrene® was used, which forms bound residues of 80 -85 % within 2-6 weeks (MITTELSTAEDT ET AL, 1987;HAIDER ET AL, 1992 labelled anilazine the extractable residues were characterized by radio-TLC. They contain small amounts of anilazine and its main metabolites mono-and dihydroxy-anilazine, as well as several unidentified metabolites (MITTELSTAEDT ET AL, 1987).…”