Deriving a sea surface temperature record suitable for climate change research from the along-track scanning radiometers

Merchant, Christopher J.; Llewellyn‐Jones, David; Saunders, Roger; Rayner, Nick; Kent, Elizabeth C.; Old, Chris; Berry, David I.; Birks, A. R.; Blackmore, Tom; Corlett, Gary K.; Embury, Owen; Jay, Victoria; Kennedy, John J.; Mutlow, C. T.; Nightingale, T.; O’Carroll, Anne; Pritchard, M.; Remedios, J. J.; Tett, Simon F. B.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.041

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Higher K d(490) values indicate higher water turbidity and as shown in Merchant et al 2008, tend to promote diurnal warming. For the purposes of the present study, fields from two different sources were obtained.…”

Section: Issue: Final Proceedings Edinburghmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi sensor validation and error characteristics of Arctic satellite sea surface temperature observations

Høyer

Karagali

Dybkjær

et al. 2012

Remote Sensing of Environment

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ESA/ESRIN, via Galileo Galilei, Frascati, Rom, (Italy), Email: craig.donlon@esa .intThe Science Team chair, Craig Donlon, welcomed all participants and reminded the Science Team of the GHRSST aimto provide the best quality SST for short, medium and long-term applications -and on which we can measure the success of GHRSST. The GHRSST phase-1 Pilot Project is complete, the phase-2 international Regional/Global Task Sharing system is built and operating, and GHRSST is now in phase-3: operational delivery of a wealth of SST products and developing Climate Data Records.Progress was presented for the major GHRSST components, and the Space Agencies pointed out their priorities and expressed their continuing support of GHRSST. For instance:-The GHRSST Project Office, funded by ESA and now hosted at the University of Reading, continues to support the GHRSST Science Team for a 10 th year.-The Global Data Assembly Centre (GDAC) which is hosted at NASA JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC) now interfaces to 12 Regional Data Assembly Centres (RDACs), and ingests ~8000 files per day (~35 GB). The PO.DAAC and currently holds a total volume of 202 TB. A new web-portal, metadata database, data mining, subsetting and visualisation tools and a GHRSST forum have been established in this year.-The Long Term Stewardship and Reanalysis Facility (LTSRF) is hosted at NOAA NODC; its operations are in constant progress with automatic daily acquisition from the GDAC and archiving. Current archive holdings are over 28 TB . Progress with reanalysis is being made at both the individual sensor level (L2, L3) and with merged L4 products. One of the tasks for 2011/2012 is to develop the SST Climate Variable Data Processing Framework. -The GHRSST Multi-Product Ensemble system (GMPE) carried out a gradient inter-comparison and assessed the suitability of the ensemble spread as an error estimate. The GMPE median is shown to be more accurate than any individual L4 product in the initial comparison against the independent near-surface Argo data. With the SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM), one L3 and 13 L4 GHRSST products have been cross-compared and validated against in-situ data with the iQuam system. Progress at the various contributing RDACs has been achieved through GHRSST XII - Issue: Final Proceedings, EdinburghDate: September 27, 2011 GHRSST Project Office Page 10 of 310 continuing operational processing of SST data streams from multiple, complementary satellite sensors and additionally by providing new or improved data. For example: -New L3 data are now in production by ESA Medspiration and the Australian BOM. -Real-time and reprocessed SST skin from AVHRR and MTSAT is being provided by ABOM. -A new processing chain using physical retrievals accounting for atmospheric moisture and Saharan dust in geostationary products has been implemented at the OSI-SAF. -Navoceano selects the best quality data from the GDAC, and adds error estimates to be used for Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA). -EUMETSAT RDAC is now providing very high data qua...

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Section: Issue: Final Proceedings Edinburghmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi sensor validation and error characteristics of Arctic satellite sea surface temperature observations

Høyer

Karagali

Dybkjær

et al. 2012

Remote Sensing of Environment

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“…Reynolds et al, 2002). Since 1991, SST retrievals have also been obtained using along-track scanning radiometers, which measure over three channels in the thermal infrared (Merchant et al, 2008). Unlike earlier instruments, these are self-calibrating, providing fairly accurate retrievals without the need for calibration using in situ measurements.…”

Section: History Of Sst Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments

Matthews

2013

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) has been obtained from a variety of different platforms, instruments and depths over the past 150 yr. Modern-day platforms include ships, moored and drifting buoys and satellites. Shipboard methods include temperature measurement of seawater sampled by bucket and flowing through engine cooling water intakes.Here I review SST measurement methods, studies analysing shipboard methods by field or lab experiment and adjustments applied to historical SST datasets to account for variable methods. In general, bucket temperatures have been found to average a few tenths of a • C cooler than simultaneous engine intake temperatures. Field and lab experiments demonstrate that cooling of bucket samples prior to measurement provides a plausible explanation for negative average bucket-intake differences. These can also be credibly attributed to systematic errors in intake temperatures, which have been found to average overly-warm by >0.5 • C on some vessels. However, the precise origin of non-zero average bucket-intake differences reported in field studies is often unclear, given that additional temperatures to those from the buckets and intakes have rarely been obtained. Supplementary accurate in situ temperatures are required to reveal individual errors in bucket and intake temperatures, and the role of near-surface temperature gradients. There is a need for further field experiments of the type reported in Part 2 to address this and other limitations of previous studies.

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“…In this case, the rapid offset and subsequent recovery, coincident with buoy deployment dates, indicates that the buoy is in error. Similar intercomparisons of SST data are being used to select operational buoys with sufficient long-term stability for assessment of a climate-quality satellite SST dataset [68].…”

Section: Figure 2 Net Air-sea Heat Flux (W M -2 ) 1970-2002 From Vosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Scheme

Kent¹,

Ball²,

Berry³

et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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The Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) Scheme is an observing program for marine meteorology, continuing a record extending back centuries. VOS are an important component of the surface observing system, providing air and sea surface temperatures, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, waves, ice and weather data. Observational metadata allow biases to be diagnosed and corrected.Despite its importance, the Scheme faces challenges. Observation numbers have declined as more data from satellites and buoys becomes available. However, buoys and satellites do not replace the full multivariate VOS record, which is needed for applications including climate monitoring, air-sea interaction and satellite validation. Other issues include changes to the transmission system and the security and commercial concerns of ship operators whose ships are identified in the data stream. Current initiatives are aimed at improving data quality, real time metadata availability and archival of data for climate applications.

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Deriving a sea surface temperature record suitable for climate change research from the along-track scanning radiometers

Cited by 45 publications

References 106 publications

Multi sensor validation and error characteristics of Arctic satellite sea surface temperature observations

Multi sensor validation and error characteristics of Arctic satellite sea surface temperature observations

Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments

The Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Scheme

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