Dermal absorption potential of industrial chemicals: Criteria for skin notation

Fiserova-Bergerova, Vera; Pierce, J. Thomas; Droz, Pierre‐Olivier

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700170507

Cited by 396 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Wetting an area of skin of 360 cm 2 (about 2 % of the body surface) with a saturated solution of cyclohexane in water did not lead to any significant increase in the internal exposure to the substance (Fiserova-Bergerova et al 1990).…”

Section: Absorption and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cyclohexane [BAT Value Documentation, 2005]

Knecht¹,

Schaller²

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Published in the series BAT Value Documentations , Vol. 4 (2005) The article contains sections titled: Toxicokinetics Absorption and distribution Metabolism Elimination Critical Toxicity Acute toxicity Chronic toxicity Exposure and Effects Selection of the Indicators Cyclohexane in alveolar air Cyclohexane in blood Cyclohexane metabolites in urine Methods Background Exposure Evaluation of the BAT Value

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Section: Absorption and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cyclohexane [BAT Value Documentation, 2005]

Knecht¹,

Schaller²

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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“…From the solubility in water of the substance, its molecular weight and vapour pressure, aH enry'sc onstant of 3.44 atm ×m 3 /mol is calculated. The resulting concentration in the aqueous phase is 3.3 ×10 -6 g/l at an external concentration of 100 ml/m 3 .Using the models of Fiserova-Bergerova et al (1990), Guy and Potts (1993) and Wilschut et al (1995) and assuming 8-hour exposure of the whole body (surface area of skin 18 000 cm 2 ), the maximum amount absorbed at this concentration is 0.08 mg.…”

Section: Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,3,3,3‐Tetrafluoropropene [MAK Value Documentation, 2015]

Hartwig

2016

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated 2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Available unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. The critical effect of 2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene was focal myocardial necrosis and inflammation in pregnant rabbits from 2500 ml/m 3 (the lowest concentration tested) and above. A NOAEC of 500 ml/m 3 was derived from a 28‐day inhalation study in rabbits for these effects. As the rabbit is the most sensitive species and it has not been demonstrated that the findings obtained in the heart are a species‐specific effect, the NOAEC of 500 ml/m 3 serves as the basis for the derivation of the MAK value. Although this was only a 28‐day inhalation study, the concentration in the range of the NOAEC probably has a greater influence than the exposure duration. Only a slight decrease in the NOAEC is expected after long‐term exposure, therefore, the concentration is not converted from 7‐day exposure per week to 5‐day exposure at the workplace. As no effects on the heart were observed in rats up to 50 000 ml/m 3 and in minipigs up to 10 000 ml/m 3 , rabbits are assumed to have a markedly higher sensitivity as regards effects on the heart, although the mechanism is not exactly known. Therefore, a MAK value of 200 ml/m 3 has been established. 2,3,3,3‐Tetrafluoropropene was found to be mutagenic in the Salmonella strain TA100 and Escherichia coli. Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro and micronucleus tests in vivo yielded negative results. There are insufficient data to be able to classify 2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene in one of the carcinogen categories. The NOAEC for developmental toxicity was 4000 ml/m 3 and 20 times higher than the MAK value of 200 ml/m 3 . Thus, damage to the embryo or fetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and 2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. There are no data available for sensitization. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.

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“…From calculations based on the models of Fiserova-Bergerova et al (1990), Guy and Potts (1993) and Wilschut et al (1995), fluxes of 6.04, 1.13 and 2.22 mg per cm 2 and hour, respectively, were obtained for tert-butyl alcohol. However, the evaporation of the substance from the surface of the skin was not taken into account.…”

Section: Toxicokinetics and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

tert‐Butyl alcohol [MAK Value Documentation, 2014]

2015

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The article contains sections titled: Toxicokinetics and Metabolism Effects in Humans Sensitization Animal Experiments and in vitro Studies Subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity Reproductive and developmental toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Neurotoxic effects Manifesto (MAK value/classification)

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Dermal absorption potential of industrial chemicals: Criteria for skin notation

Cited by 396 publications

References 22 publications

Cyclohexane [BAT Value Documentation, 2005]

Cyclohexane [BAT Value Documentation, 2005]

2,3,3,3‐Tetrafluoropropene [MAK Value Documentation, 2015]

tert‐Butyl alcohol [MAK Value Documentation, 2014]

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