Dermal Uptake of Organic Chemicals from a Soil Matrix

McKone, Thomas E.

doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1990.tb00524.x

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In contrast to liquid absorption, the dermal uptake of benzene from contaminated soil has been modeled by McKone et al (213) and Burmaster et al (214). They showed that benzene is poorly absorbed from a soil matrix and that even under ideal conditions (extensive contact for long periods of time), less than 10% of benzene in soil will be absorbed by the skin.…”

Section: Human Exposure Dermal Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation.

Paustenbach¹,

Bass²,

Price³

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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Acute and chronic exposure to benzene vapors poses a number of health hazards to humans. To evaluate the probability that a specific degree of exposure will produce an adverse effect, risk assessment methods must be used. This paper reviews much of the published information and evaluates the various risk assessments for benzene that have been conducted over the past 20 years. There is sufficient evidence that chronic exposure to relatively high concentrations of benzene can produce an increased incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Some studies have indicated that benzene may cause other leukemias, but due to the inconsistency of results, the evidence is not conclusive. To predict the leukemogenic risk for humans exposed to much lower doses of benzene than those observed in most epidemiology studies, a model must be used. Although several models could yield plausible results, to date most risk assessments have used the linear-quadratic or conditional logistic models. These appear to be the most appropriate ones for providing the cancer risk for airborne concentrations of 1 ppb to 10 ppm, the range most often observed in the community and workplace. Of the seven major epidemiology studies that have been conducted, there is a consensus that the Pliofilm cohort (rubber workers) is the best one for estimating the cancer potency because it is the only one with good exposure and incidence of disease data. The current EPA, OSHA, and ACGIH cancer potency estimates for benzene are based largely on this cohort. A retrospective exposure assessment and an analysis of the incidence of disease in these workers were completed in 1991. All of these issues are discussed and the implications evaluated in this paper. The range of benzene exposures to which Americans are commonly exposed and the current regulatory criteria are also presented.

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Section: Human Exposure Dermal Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation.

Paustenbach¹,

Bass²,

Price³

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Approaches developed for OP insecticide exposure (Sedman 1989, McKone 1990, Iwata et al 1977, as well as some others) require data that are unavailable for VX and sulfur mustard…”

Section: Dermal Exposure To Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated general population control limits for unitary agents in drinking water, milk, soil, and unprocessed food items

P¹,

Adams²,

Cerar³

et al. 1992

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“…Exposure estimates are affected by uncertainties in pathway exposure factors (PEFs - McKone, 1990). PEFs are terms that translate unit concentrations in media (e.g., pCi per L) and food chain components into exposures per unit time (exposure rates).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEFs are terms that translate unit concentrations in media (e.g., pCi per L) and food chain components into exposures per unit time (exposure rates). PEFs use information on human physiology and behavior, and environmental transport for specific media (McKone, 1990). These uncertainties arise from biological and behavioral variations, as well as the accuracy and precision of the estimated values for each parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three multimedia models used at hazardous and radioactive waste sites

Moskowitz¹,

Pardi²,

Fthenakis³

et al. 1996

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Office of Environmental Restoration, and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission -Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards. The purpose of the Working Group is to promote the appropriate and consistent use of mathematical models in the remediation and restoration process at sites containing -or contaminated with -radioactive and/or mixed waste materials. This report provides an approach for evaluating and critically reviewing the capabilities of three specific multimedia models: MEPAS Version 3.0, MMSOILS Version 2.2, and PRESTO-EPA-CPG Version 2.0. These models are being used by the sponsoring Offices to support cleanup decision-making at various waste sites, and are of technical interest to them. The approach for model review advocated in this report is intended to assist technical staff responsible for identifying and implementing multimedia models in support of cleanup decisions at radioactive and hazardous waste sites. It is hoped that information in this report will enhance the understanding of these three models within the context of specific media components, human exposure and dose, and how they report uncertainty.This document is one of several being developed by the Working Group to bring a uniform approach to solving environmental modeling problems common to all Federal agencies. The PurposeMultimedia models are used commonly in the initial phases of the remediation process where technical interest is focused on determining the relative importance of various exposure pathways. This report provides an approach for evaluating and critically reviewing the capabilities of multimedia models. This study focused on three specific models: MEPAS Version 3.0, MMSOILS Version 2.2, and PRESTO-EPA-CPG Version 2.0. These models evaluate the transport and fate of contaminants from source to receptor through more than a single pathway. They have been used to support cleanup decision-making at various sites and are of technical interest to the sponsoring organizations. The approach to model review advocated in this study is directed to technical staff responsible for identifying, selecting and applying multimedia models for use at sites containing radioactive and hazardous materials. The presence of radioactive and mixed wastes at a site poses special problems. Hence, in this report, restrictions associated with the selection and application of multimedia models for sites contaminated with radioactive and mixed wastes are highlighted. It is hoped that information in this report will enhance the understanding of these three models within the context of specific media components, human exposure and dose, and how they report uncertainty. Report StructureThis report begins with a brief introduction to the concept of multimedia modeling, followed by an overview of the three models. The remaining chapters present more technical discussions of the issues associated with each compartment and their direct application to the specific models. In these analyses, the following components are discussed: The report conclu...

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Dermal Uptake of Organic Chemicals from a Soil Matrix

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation.

Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation.

Estimated general population control limits for unitary agents in drinking water, milk, soil, and unprocessed food items

Three multimedia models used at hazardous and radioactive waste sites

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