Dermatologic Diagnoses in the Perianal Area

McGirt, Laura Y.; Martins, Camila Bertini

doi:10.1055/s-2004-836945

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Skin may appear macerated with circumscribed lesions, which may eventually invade the intergluteal groove [49][50][51]. This type of infection is most common in children; despite the frequency in women due to the use of hormonal contraceptives, intimate hygiene products, clothing and their practice of oral and anal intercourse, functioning as transient colonization of local organisms shed from the intestinal tract.…”

Section: Anal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in some cases, the factors causing that condition are still unknown, but seems that the main problem of this pathogenesis are secondary infections caused by aerobic and facultative anaerobes microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli [48,[50][51][52].…”

Section: Anal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The injury erythema-scaly, itchy and exudative generally is well delimited peripherally and the epidermis appears detached. It is less frequent in feet, but can reach one or more commissures of fingers [1,17,49,50].…”

Section: Nails Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYCandidiasis is the most common opportunistic yeast infection. Candida species and other microorganisms are involved in this complicated fungal infection, but Candida albicans continues to be the most prevalent. In the past two decades, it has been observed an abnormal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts, not only in immunocompromised patients, but also related to nosocomial infections and even in healthy individuals. There is a widely variety of causal factors that contribute to yeast infection which means that candidiasis is a good example of a multifactorial syndrome. Due to rapid increase in the incidence of these infections, this is the subject of numerous studies. Recently, the focus of attention is the treatment and, above all, the prevention of those complications. The diagnosis of candidiasis could become quite complicated. Prevention is the most effective "treatment", much more than eradication of the yeast with antifungal agents. There are several aspects to consider in the daily routine that can provide a strength protection. However, a therapeutic approach is necessary when the infection is established and, therefore, other alternatives should be explored. This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment.

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Section: Anal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

et al. 2014

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“…Where these measures prove insufficient, topical treatments should be added to reduce inflammation and itch 1. Systemic therapy may be required in the case of severe and/or persistent symptoms 9,10. Table1 lists the most frequently prescribed drugs for AE – it is noticeable that most of these are fixed combination products containing drugs with different modes of action 11.…”

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic management of anal eczema: an evidence‐based review

Havlíčková

Weyandt²

2014

Int J Clin Pract

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AimTo conduct a systematic review of treatments for anal eczema (AE).MethodsWe conducted a Medline search for clinical trial data for the treatment of perianal diseases including AE, including papers not published in the English language. We assessed the study reports using the system recommended by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. No meta-analysis was attempted.ResultsThe evidence base for topical treatments used to treat AE is very poor: there are very few studies and many of those that exist are of poor quality. The best evidence was found for medications that are yet to be licensed for AE. Among products with existing licences for the treatment of eczema, our assessment found some evidence to support the continued use of mild-to-moderate corticosteroids first line in most patients.DiscussionFeatures of the perianal region, and the fact that it is almost always occluded, mean that not all medications recommended in the general treatment guidelines for eczema are appropriate for AE. However, there are no specific treatment guidelines for these patients. This may in part be because of the lack of high-quality evidence-based medicine in this therapy area. Many frequently prescribed medications were developed and licensed many years ago, in an era when clinical trial design was not expected to be as rigorous as it is today.ConclusionThis review highlights the need to conduct more high-quality clinical trials in patients with AE in order that specific guidelines for the management of this difficult proctological condition can be prepared.

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“…The diagnosis of AD is based on the following clinical phenotype: dry and eczematous skin, erythematous papules, and severe pruritus [2, 3]. Microscopically, lesional samples of AD patients also show epidermal hyperplasia, acanthosis, and accumulation of lymphocytes and mast cells [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of Valencene on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis‐Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice

Yang

Lee

Shin

2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Valencene (VAL) isolated from Cyperus rotundus possesses various biological effects such as antiallergic and antimelanogenesis activity. We investigated the effect of VAL on atopic dermatitis (AD) skin lesions and their molecular mechanisms. We topically applied VAL to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) sensitized NC/Nga mice. Modified scoring atopic dermatitis index, scratching behavior, and histological/immunohistochemical staining were used to monitor disease severity. RT-PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the level of IgE, proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines production, and skin barrier proteins expression. Topical application of VAL significantly reduced AD-like symptoms and recovered decreased expression of filaggrin in DNCB-sensitized NC/Nga mice. The levels of serum IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-13 in skin/splenic tissue were reduced. In vitro studies using TNF-α and IFN-γ treated HaCaT cells revealed that VAL inhibited the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines including TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL8, GM-CSF, and I-CAM through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. In addition, expression of the skin barrier protein, involucrin, was also increased by VAL treatment. VAL inhibited the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that VAL may serve as a potential therapeutic option for AD.

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Dermatologic Diagnoses in the Perianal Area

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

Therapeutic management of anal eczema: an evidence‐based review

Inhibitory Effect of Valencene on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis‐Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice

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