Dermatological and Molecular Evidence of Human Cercarial Dermatitis in North-Eastern Poland

Korycińska, Joanna; Rybak-d'Obyrn, Joanna; Kubiak, Dariusz; Kubiak, Katarzyna; Dzika, Ewa

doi:10.1089/vbz.2020.2681

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As our study and the research by other authors have shown, molecular identification of avian schistosome species in snails constitutes an important source of information concerning the local threat of a CD outbreak. To date, the species occurring in Poland that are at present recognized as potentially causing swimmer’s itch include T. szidati, T. franki and T. regenti , with T. szidati being the most commonly found in water bodies ( Marszewska et al, 2016 ; Korycińska et al, 2021 ; Marszewska et al, 2018 ; Zbikowska, 2004 ; Zbikowska et al, 2006 ). There have been a few confirmed cases of swimmer’s itch in humans, including the Dzierżęcinka River -Water Valley ( Marszewska et al, 2016 ) and Lake Pluszne in North-Eastern Poland ( Korycińska et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the species occurring in Poland that are at present recognized as potentially causing swimmer’s itch include T. szidati, T. franki and T. regenti , with T. szidati being the most commonly found in water bodies ( Marszewska et al, 2016 ; Korycińska et al, 2021 ; Marszewska et al, 2018 ; Zbikowska, 2004 ; Zbikowska et al, 2006 ). There have been a few confirmed cases of swimmer’s itch in humans, including the Dzierżęcinka River -Water Valley ( Marszewska et al, 2016 ) and Lake Pluszne in North-Eastern Poland ( Korycińska et al, 2021 ). Moreover, in 2023 there was a report of CD cases when the condition followed bathing in Lake Drawskie (information obtained from materials published by the State Sanitary Inspectorate).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cercarial dermatitis (CD), or swimmer’s itch, occurs in many parts of the world, including the United States, China, Chile, Iran and Canada ( Brant & Loker, 2009 ; Wang et al, 2009 ; Valdovinos & Balboa, 2008 ; Farahnak & Essalat, 2003 ; Gordy, Cobb & Hanington, 2018 ). In Europe, these cases have been reported in several countries, including Germany, Italy, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Iceland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom ( Selbach, Soldánová & Sures, 2016 ; De Liberato et al, 2019 ; Caron et al, 2017 ; Caumes et al, 2003 ; Chamot, Toscani & Rougemont, 1998 ; Hörweg, Sattmann & Auer, 2006 ; Soleng & Mehl, 2010 ; Skírnisson & Kolářová, 2008 ; Schets et al, 2008 ; Kerr et al, 2024 ), and also in Poland ( Marszewska et al, 2016 ; Korycińska et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification of Trichobilharzia species in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland

Korycińska,

Bulantová,

Horák

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background In Europe, avian schistosomes of the genus Trichobilharzia are the most common etiological agents involved in human cercarial dermatitis (swimmer’s itch). Manifested by a skin rash, the condition is caused by an allergic reaction to cercariae of nonhuman schistosomes. Humans are an accidental host in this parasite’s life cycle, while water snails are the intermediate, and waterfowl are the final hosts. The study aimed to conduct a molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Trichobilharzia species occurring in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland. Methodology The study area covered three water bodies (Lake Skanda, Lake Ukiel, and Lake Tyrsko) over the summer of 2021. In total, 747 pulmonate freshwater snails (Radix spp., Lymnaea stagnalis) were collected. Each snail was subjected to 1–2 h of light stimulation to induce cercarial expulsion. The phylogenetic analyses of furcocercariae were based on the partial sequence of the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2 and 28SrDNA). For Radix spp. phylogenetic analyses were based on the ITS-2 region. Results The prevalence of the Trichobilharzia species infection in snails was 0.5%. Two out of 478 (0.4%) L. stagnaliswere found to be infected with Trichobilharzia szidati. Moreover, two out of 269 (0.7%) snails of the genus Radix were positive for schistosome cercariae. Both snails were identified as Radix auricularia. One of them was infected with Trichobilharzia franki and the other with Trichobilharzia sp. Conclusions Molecular identification of avian schistosome species, both at the intermediate and definitive hosts level, constitutes an important source of information on a potential threat and prognosis of local swimmer’s itch occurrence, and helps to determine species diversity in a particular area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification of Trichobilharzia species in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland

Korycińska,

Bulantová,

Horák

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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“…Despite the initial awareness of L. stagnalis infected with T. szidati in northern Polish lakes and subsequent human risk assessment tests in 2004 [ 93 ], molecular studies confirmed the presence of both T. szidati and T. regenti only several years later, from 2018 [ 54 , 94 ]. This finding allowed the characterization of snails ( L. stagnalis , Radix balthica / labiata , Radix auricularia , and P. corneus ) infected with digenic larvae ( B. polonica and Trichobilharzia sp.)…”

Section: Cercarial Dermatitis In Europe: What Do We Know?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted in Europe provide insights into the species involved in CD across the continent, encompassing birds, snails, and parasites [46]. Some investigations often employ molecular approaches, revealing similar species in neighbouring countries or Despite the initial awareness of L. stagnalis infected with T. szidati in northern Polish lakes and subsequent human risk assessment tests in 2004 [93], molecular studies confirmed the presence of both T. szidati and T. regenti only several years later, from 2018 [54,94]. This finding allowed the characterization of snails (L. stagnalis, Radix balthica/labiata, Radix auricularia, and P. corneus) infected with digenic larvae (B. polonica and Trichobilharzia sp.)…”

Section: Cercarial Dermatitis In Europe: What Do We Know?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Threats: The (Re)emergence of Cercarial Dermatitis, Its Dynamics, and Impact in Europe

Bispo,

Calado,

Maurício

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Cercarial dermatitis (CD), or “Swimmer’s itch” as it is also known, is a waterborne illness caused by a blood fluke from the family Schistosomatidae. It occurs when cercariae of trematode species that do not have humans as their definitive host accidentally penetrate human skin (in an aquatic environment) and trigger allergic symptoms at the site of contact. It is an emerging zoonosis that occurs through water and is often overlooked during differential diagnosis. Some of the factors contributing to the emergence of diseases like CD are related to global warming, which brings about climate change, water eutrophication, the colonization of ponds by snails susceptible to the parasite, and sunlight exposure in the summer, associated with migratory bird routes. Therefore, with the increase in tourism, especially at fluvial beaches, it is relevant to analyze the current epidemiological scenario of CD in European countries and the potential regions at risk.

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Cercarial dermatitis: Clinical course and prevention

Korycińska

2024

Pol. Ann. Med.

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IntroductionCercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a water-borne parasitic skin disease caused by larvae (cercariae) of a nonhuman species of schistosome. The prevailing symptoms are nodulopapular skin lesions accompanied by pruritus. The condition occurs virtually worldwide and is considered to be an emerging public health problem in Europe. In most cases, the symptoms are associated with cercariae of avian schistosomes of the genus <i>Trichobilharzia</i> spp.AimThe aim of this review article is to present the most important information on the course of the disease, its diagnostics, treatment and epidemiology. Additionally, it offers an account of preventive measures targeted at reducing the risk of infection.Material and methodsA literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Willey Online Library. Altogether, 40 articles were subject to analysis.Results and discussionThe data obtained from the literature survey process were systematised and presented in 5 sections. Clinically, effective control of swimmer’s itch should comprise measures from the fields of diagnostics, treatment, epidemiology and prevention.ConclusionsSwimmer’s itch poses diagnostic difficulties, primarily due to the low specificity of its symptoms. Owing to a lack of conclusive data on the fate of cercariae penetrating human skin and a growing number of documented cases of cercarial dermatitis worldwide, further intensive research into the matter is warranted.

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Dermatological and Molecular Evidence of Human Cercarial Dermatitis in North-Eastern Poland

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular identification of Trichobilharzia species in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland

Molecular identification of Trichobilharzia species in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland

Zoonotic Threats: The (Re)emergence of Cercarial Dermatitis, Its Dynamics, and Impact in Europe

Cercarial dermatitis: Clinical course and prevention

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