Dermatological aspects of angiogenesis

Abstract

Neovascularization is vital for the growth of tumours, providing a lifeline for sustenance and waste disposal. Tumour vessels can grow by sprouting, intussusception or by incorporating bone marrow-derived endothelial precursor cells into growing vessels. Recent advances in vascular biology have identified some key factors that control vascular growth, and have led to the hypothesis that in normal tissues vascular quiescence is maintained by the dominant influence of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors over angiogenic stimuli. In contrast, increased secretion of angiogenic factors and the down-regulation of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors induce tumour angiogenesis. Vascular quiescence in the skin seems to be primarily maintained by a balance between the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors thrombospondin 1 and thrombospondin 2 and the potent proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor A. Inhibiting tumour growth by controlling angiogenesis is an intriguing approach with great potential for the treatment of vascular tumours such as haemangioma, Kaposi's sarcoma and solid cutaneous tumours such as squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. In this review, the role of angiogenesis and more recent topics such as lymphangiogenesis in cutaneous tumour growth, invasion and metastasis will be discussed.

Correlation Between Microvessel Density and Morphological Features in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…The normal dermal matrix in the area of the base membrane around the microvascular endothelial cells are thought to function as a natural inhibitor of angiogenesis, ensuring the passivity of the blood vessels in healthy skin [15].…”

“…The released MMP-2 and MMP-9 degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) tracing invasive pathway of endothelial cells in the neighboring tissue. Additionally MMPs dissolve ECM by which new concentrations of bFGF-2 and VEGF-A are released [9,10,15,16,17]. In situations of disturbed balance when the secretion of angiogenic stimulators is increased and the regulation of endogenous angiogenic inhibitors is decreased, preconditions for tumor angiongenesis are developed [6,7,9].…”

“…Endostatin, angiostatin, vasostatin and interleukin 12 (IL-12) play the same role. They are together identified as inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo [9,15].…”

Anjiostatinin in vitro Embriyonik Rat Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

“…The angiogenic switch is the result of the imbalance of positive and negative angiogenesis regulators as consequence of the up-regulation of endothelial growth factors or of the down regulation of natural angiogenesis inhibitors 4,16,17 . Our previous studies indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor 18 , platelet-derived growth factor 19 and basic fibroblast growth factor 20 could have important role on in vitro embryonic rat development because of their angiogenic effects.…”

Dysphagia in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd)

“…Se smeta deka tumorite koi imaat pove}e krvni sadovi vo odnos na drugite se angiogenetski. Tumorite projavuvaat sposobnost za ekspresija na angiogenetski faktori za rast kako {to se: VEGF, TP i drugi [38]. Tumorskite kletki, stromalnite kletki i makrofagite povrzani so pojavata na tumor sekretiraat angiogenetski molekuli koi potiknuvaat proliferacija na endotelni kletki, nivna migracija i maturacija so formirawe na vaskularni kanali.…”