Dermatological manifestations of the Coronavirus disease
2019 in children: a systemic review

Ciechanowicz, Piotr; Dopytalska, Klaudia; Szczerba, Michał; Szymańska, Elżbieta; Walecka, Irena

doi:10.5114/ada.2020.99294

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The most commonly described dermal manifestations included chilblain-like and vesicular lesions, urticaria, maculopapular lesions, livedo reticularis-like, or necrotic lesions [14]. Moreover, dermal lesions may be the only manifestations of COVID-19, particularly in children, in whom both the morphology and the incidence of individual dermatoses is different from the general population [15]. Several less common dermatoses occur apart from the above described dermal lesions observed in COVID-19 patients, with the aetiology mostly associated with the disease or the reaction of the body to SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19

Ciechanowicz¹,

Lewandowski²,

Szymańska³

et al. 2020

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Introduction:The first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 were noted in December 2019 in Wuhan province, China. The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced the pandemic status on March 11, 2020. The manifestations of the disease are as follows: fever, cough, fatigue, anosmia and ageusia, dyspnoea, chest pain, muscle soreness, chills, sore throat, rhinitis, headache, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and dermal lesions.Aim: To evaluate the relationship between dermal lesions and GI symptoms in a group of COVID-19 patients.Material and methods: A group of 441 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw between March 15 th and June 15 th , 2020.Results: Of 441 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 255 (58.5%) experienced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms: lack of appetite was reported in 124 (48.6%) cases, diarrhoea was noted in 109 (42.7%), abdominal pain in 95 (37.3%), vomiting in 37 (14.5%), and nausea in 32 (12.5%) cases. Eight (1.81%) patients had dermal lesions: erythematous macular lesions (2 patients -25%), erythematous infiltrated lesions (2; 25%), erythematous infiltrated and exfoliative lesions (3; 37.5%), erythematous papular lesions (3; 37.5%), and erythematous oedematous lesions (2; 25%). All of those patients reported gastrointestinal symptoms during the hospitalisation.Conclusions: The following study analyses possible causes of dermal lesions and their coexistence with GI symptoms. Several possible theories were taken into account, including the microbiota alterations and issue of drug-related complications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19

Ciechanowicz¹,

Lewandowski²,

Szymańska³

et al. 2020

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“…Other frequently described symptoms are maculopapular rash, urticaria, erythema multiforme, and papulovesicular eruptions [93]. Compiled incidence involved: chilblain-like lesions (n = 173; 88.3%), maculopapular rash (n = 16; 8.2%), erythema multi-form-like lesions (n = 12; 6.1%), varicella-like exanthema (n = 1; 0.5%), and urticaria (n = 1; 0.5%) [94]. Acral ischaemic lesions, which are similar to chilblains and more common in adolescents, were reported worldwide during the COVID-19 outbreak.…”

Section: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (Mismentioning

confidence: 99%

The course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients – specific and non-specific clinical manifestations

Januszewski,

Tobiasz,

Tyczyńska

et al. 2023

J Pre Clin Clin Res.

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Introduction and Objective. COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV 2 is a still serious danger. The disease which triggered off the COVID-19 pandemic and one of the biggest health crises in many years, began in the city of Wuhan, China, in 2019. The aim of this review is to distinguish most of the specific and non-specific manifestations of the disease among children. Review Methods. The literature review was based on different types of articles including reviews, meta-analyses, systemic reviews, and randomized controlled trials on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Key words featured COVID-19, MIS-C, SARS-CoV-2 manifestations, and specific, and non-specific manifestations of COVID-19. The literature search was performed until September 2023, and concerned only paediatric patients. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Research based on already published studies prevents the forming of firm conclusions. There are different symptoms of COVID-19 infection, some of them are typical, mild, and do not concern medical care units. There are also some non-specific manifestations, often related to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which are more severe and sometimes demand involving intensive care units. Conclusions. A large group of infected children with asymptomatic or present mild symptoms of COVID-19. Nonspecific manifestations, such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, neurological, ophthalmic, dermatological, or rheumatological symptoms, can potentially be misleading and require more attention.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 is a virus from the family of Coronaviridae. A SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily causes symptoms similar to the common flu, with patients presenting with fever, respiratory disorder and myalgia [1][2][3][4][5]. Soon, it was discovered that SARS-CoV-2 also affects the immune system by triggering hyper-inflammatory reactions, which eventually may cause a systemic illness called Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children, i.e., "MIS-C" [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children”-Like Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination (MIS-V) with Potential Significance of Functional Active Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR-fAAb) for Pathophysiology and Therapy

Schmidt,

Hébert,

Wallukat

et al. 2023

Children

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Background: An infection with SARS-CoV-2 can trigger a systemic disorder by pathological autoimmune processes. A certain type of this dysregulation is known as Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). However, similar symptoms may occur and have been described as Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination (MIS-V) following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy who was identified with MIS-C symptoms without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after receiving two doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine approximately one month prior to the onset of symptoms. He showed polyserositis, severe gastrointestinal symptoms and, consequently, a manifestation of a multiorgan failure. IgG antibodies against spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were detected, indicating a successful vaccination, while SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 PCR were not detected. Several functional, active autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-fAAb), previously associated with Long COVID disease, were detected in a cardiomyocyte bioassay. Immunosuppression with steroids was initiated. Due to side effects, treatment with steroids and later interleukin 1 receptor antagonists had to be terminated. Instead, immunoadsorption was performed and continued with tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid therapy, leading to improvement and discharge after 79 days. GPCR-fAAb decreased during therapy and remained negative after clinical curing and under continued immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid. Follow-up of the patient showed him in good condition after one year. Conclusions: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 shows a broad and severe variety of symptoms, partly due to autoimmune dysregulation, which, in some instances, can lead to multiorgan failure. Despite its rarity, post-vaccine MIS-C-like disease may develop into a serious condition triggered by autoimmune dysregulation. The evidence of circulating GPCR-fAAb and their disappearance after therapy suggests a link of GPCR-fAAb to the clinical manifestations. Thus, we hypothesize a potential role of GPCR-fAAb in pathophysiology and their potential importance for the therapy of MIS-C or MIS-V. However, this observation needs further investigation to prove a causative correlation.

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Dermatological manifestations of the Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: a systemic review

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19

Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19

The course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients – specific and non-specific clinical manifestations

“Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children”-Like Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination (MIS-V) with Potential Significance of Functional Active Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR-fAAb) for Pathophysiology and Therapy

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