Dermatologists with dual MD, JD degrees: a few comments on my life and those of other dermatologists with MD, JD degrees

Scheinfeld, Noah

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.03.001

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The specific problems also associated with lithium exposure vary during different stages of gestation (Yonkers et al, 1998). Among vertebrates, numerous reports (Wright et al, 1971; Allakhverdiev and Smol'nikova, 1983; Manhas and Kumar, 1988; Jurand, 1988; Simard et al, 1989; Hansen et al, 1990; Giles and Bannigan, 1997; Scheinfeld and Faad, 2004) are available about teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate, few on humans; most on laboratory animals. For example, fertilized chick eggs were injected with 0.05 ml of various dilutions of lithium carbonate ranging from 0.5 percent to 1 percent (Manhas and Kumar, 1988).…”

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Teratogenic Effect of Lithium Carbonate in Early Development of Balb/C Mouse

Nokhbatolfoghahai

Parivar

2008

The Anatomical Record

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Lithium carbonate is used as a standard treatment for manic depression. While researchers have investigated the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate on embryos of various animals in later stages of development, very limited work has been done on the probability of effects at early stages of development. In this study, the teratogenic effect of lithium carbonate was investigated at earlier preimplantation through implantation stages of development of Balb/C mouse embryos. A therapeutic dose (i.e., 300 mg/kg b.w.) was injected into mice intraperitoneally on days 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 of pregnancy. Then, on day 15.5 of gestation, embryos were collected from the pregnant animals. Among the embryos, 71.7% were healthy, 10.7% resorbed, 3.1% showed lordosis, 8.1% were underdeveloped and 8.4% had eye malformations. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in the number of hepatic megakaryocytes and nucleated red cells were also observed among experimental embryos. Analysis of maternal serum proteins prepared from dissected animals showed a significant increase or decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of serum proteins albumin, a2 globulin, b globulin, and g globulin. This research on early developmental stages suggests that pregnant mothers need to be aware of possible teratogenic effects at early stages of pregnancy, although it has been thought that the egg envelope can prevent teratogens from entering. In this case, mothers may need to stop lithium carbonate treatment before they make a decision to become pregnant.

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