Dermatonecrotic properties of extracts from the tentacles of the cnidarian Chironex fleckeri

Keen, T.E.B.; Crone, H.D.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(69)90002-6

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The manner in which the cutaneous changes are produced is not fully understood. Animal experiments suggest that the dcimatouecrotic activity of nematoeyst toxins is due to a direct toxic effect on cells in the epidermis and derniis (11). In the present case neutrophils were not preseni in the dermis in the region of the sting.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

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Cutaneous light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in a fatal case of jellyfish envenomation

Strutton

Lumley²

1988

J Cutan Pathol

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A 5-year-old male suffered fatal envenomation from a jellyfish subsequently identified as Chironex fleckeri. Contact with the tentacles of the jellyfish had produced characteristic whiplash-like weals on the skin. At autopsy, skin from these areas was taken and later studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Both studies identified numerous nematocysts penetrating the epidermis and papillary dermis in the region of the sting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…This may be due to the short interval between envenomation and death or refiect poor circulation. Keen et al found thai in animal experiments, where toxin prepared from tlie tentacles was injected intracutaneously, changes similar to those seen in man occurred, but found only a few dermal neutrophils up to 4 h after injection (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cutaneous light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in a fatal case of jellyfish envenomation

Strutton

Lumley²

1988

J Cutan Pathol

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“…Mice, rats and guinea-pigs showed little or no signs of discomfort after subcutaneous or intracutaneous injection of toxin, nor was there evidence of the release of either histamine or 5HT. 58 In contrast, Freeman and Turner have reported that the crude venom causes the release of histamine from mast cells. However, this may have been due to a non-specific lytic action of the venom.…”

Section: Box Jellyfish (Sea Wasp)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Pharmacological Action of Australian Animal Venoms

Hodgson

1997

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. Australia has some of the most venomous fauna in the world. Although humans are not usually perceived as being predators against these animals they are often envenomated, accidentally or otherwise. This has led to the development of antivenoms against some of the potentially lethal venoms. However, further understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of these and other venoms is important, not only for developing new treatment strategies but also in the search for novel research tools. 2. The present review discusses the pharmacology of some of the components found in venoms and outlines the research undertaken on some of Australia's venomous animals, with the exception of snakes. 3. Biogenic amines, peptides and enzymes are common venom components and produce a wide range of effects in envenomated humans. For example, respiratory failure observed after envenomation by the box jellyfish (Chirnex fleckeri) and Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) is most likely due to potent neurotoxins in the venoms. Stonefish (Synanceja trachynis) and platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) venoms, although not considered lethal, cause severe pain. However, the components responsible for these effects have not been isolated. Venom components, as yet unidentified, may be responsible for the cutaneous necrotic lesions that have been reported after some spider bites (e.g. Lampona cylindrata). Other venoms, such as those of the jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula) and bull ant (M. pyriformis), may produce only mild skin irritation to the majority of humans but a severe anaphylactic response in sensitized victims. 4. While there has been a renewed interest in toxinology, further research is required to fully elucidate the pharmacological action of many of these venoms.

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“…16,17 The venoms from coelenterate species contain various enzymes and infl ammatory mediators. Animal experiments indicate that these venoms contain dermonecrotic, hemolytic, and lethal factors, but the chemical composition of these factors is not well defi ned.…”

Section: Venom Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jellyfish, Hydroids, Sea Anemones, and Corals (Phylum: Cnidaria)

Barceloux

2008

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances

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Dermatonecrotic properties of extracts from the tentacles of the cnidarian Chironex fleckeri

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Cutaneous light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in a fatal case of jellyfish envenomation

Cutaneous light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in a fatal case of jellyfish envenomation

Pharmacological Action of Australian Animal Venoms

Jellyfish, Hydroids, Sea Anemones, and Corals (Phylum: Cnidaria)

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