Dermatophilus congolensis <i>and “Hairy” Leukoplakia</i>

Bunker, Mark; Chewning, Lee C.; Wang, Scott E.; Gordon, Morris

doi:10.1093/ajcp/89.5.683

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The lesion rarely regresses on antifungal therapy, even when such treatment is prolonged Greenspan et al , ). We found Dermatophilus congolensis in two cases seen in 1982, but in no other cases, while one other report subsequently documented similar findings (Bunker et al , ). While staining for HPV antigen was detected, as were viral arrays by electron microscopy somewhat reminiscent of HPV, our molecular biology assays did not confirm the presence of HPV DNA.…”

Section: Questions Regarding Hairy Leukoplakia 1981–2014supporting

confidence: 78%

Hairy leukoplakia; lessons learned: 30‐plus years

Greenspan

Webster‐Cyriaque

2016

Oral Diseases

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Well into the fourth decade of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, we can look back on the early years, the initial discoveries, and the broad sweep of the progress of our understanding of the nature, causes, and significance of the oral lesions seen in those infected with the virus. Prominent among these is oral hairy leukoplakia (HL), a previously unknown lesion of the mouth associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and initially seen only in people with AIDS, in the then-recognized risk groups, or those shown to be HIV positive. Subsequently, it became clear that the distribution of HL extends well beyond the HIV spectrum. In this brief review, we consider the clinical and histological features of HL, discuss how it was discovered, explore its cause, diagnosis, relationship with AIDS, pathogenesis, significance in EBV biology, options for management, and how it changes with HIV/AIDS therapy. Oral Diseases (2016) 22, 120-127

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Section: Questions Regarding Hairy Leukoplakia 1981–2014supporting

confidence: 78%

Hairy leukoplakia; lessons learned: 30‐plus years

Greenspan

Webster‐Cyriaque

2016

Oral Diseases

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“…Groups that have the greatest risk for acquiring the infection include abattoir workers, butchers, hunters, dairy farmers, and veterinarians (133,655). However, in two reported cases, involving a physician and a patient with "hairy" leukoplakia, no such contact could be established (86). There has also been one report in which this microorganism was isolated from a patient's contact lens, but no association with ocular infection was established (51).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Aspects Of Infection In Humansmentioning

confidence: 98%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes.

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“…chronic nodular disease, and asymptomatic infection (2,4,5,7,9). There is no specific treatment for dermatophilosis.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Infection by Dermatophilus congolensis Underdiagnosed?

Amor

Enríquez²,

Corcuera³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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Dermatophilus congolensis, which affects animal species, is an uncommon human infection. Few cases, mainly in tropical areas, have been reported. We describe the first human infection in Spain in a traveler returning from Central America. Diagnosis of human infection may be underestimated in people in contact with animals. CASE REPORTIn September 2009, a 26-year-old woman came to the Tropical Diseases Service, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, with skin lesions on her right wrist and no other symptoms. Two months prior to her presentation, the patient spent 15 days in Costa Rica working as a volunteer on a dairy farm. She reported close contact with animals, including feeding and milking cows, as well as drinking raw milk. She did not report any other contact with livestock in Spain, either professionally or in leisure activities. The patient had been vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus in 2003. In addition, she was vaccinated against hepatitis B (third dose), hepatitis A (first dose), typhoid fever, and rabies 2 weeks before her trip. She followed a correct malaria prophylaxis with chloroquine. No other previous medical history was of interest. Five days after her arrival in Costa Rica, she noticed a vesicular eruption over a scratched area on her right wrist that evolved to pustules and crust 4 days later. The eruption relapsed on several occasions and was painful and itchy. Neither fever nor lymph node swelling was present. She had begun self-treatment with topical gentamicin and corticosteroid ointment 1 month before medical consultation, with a mild improvement. The patient's physical examination revealed five erythematous, desquamative lesions of less than 0.5 cm in diameter and with elevated edges. Topical treatment was discontinued, and a sample for microbiological analysis was taken. One month later, the lesions had disappeared.Swab samples were taken from the lesions and sent to our laboratory for bacterial and fungal culture analyses. They were directly inoculated in blood and chocolate agar, thioglycolate broth, Sabouraud chloramphenicol, and Sabouraud cycloheximide (Actidione)-chloramphenicol agar. Blood and chocolate agar and thioglycolate broth were incubated at 35°C in an aerobic atmosphere, the chocolate agar was incubated in air supplemented with 5% CO 2 , and the blood agar was also incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere. Sabouraud chloramphenicol and Sabouraud cycloheximide-chloramphenicol agar plates were incubated at 32°C. After 24 h, a pure culture of tiny, point-like, smooth, creamy white-colored, beta-hemolytic colonies adherent to the media grew in aerobic blood agar and chocolate agar. Gram staining showed hypha-like, branching filaments with "train track" form and clusters of sporangia as well as coccoid Gram-positive forms, mostly in chains (Fig. 1). After 48 h, crowded colonies became yellowish and mucoid, with a great variation in colonial morphology, e.g., pulvinate, umbonate, or cake crumb-like (Fig. 2). At that time, released sporangia were the main finding in the Gram sta...

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Dermatophilus congolensis and “Hairy” Leukoplakia

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Hairy leukoplakia; lessons learned: 30‐plus years

Hairy leukoplakia; lessons learned: 30‐plus years

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

Is Infection by Dermatophilus congolensis Underdiagnosed?

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