Dermatophytes can trigger cooperative (CAMP-like) haemolytic reactions

Schaufuss, P.; Brasch, Jochen; Steller, U.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06679.x

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, we observed CAMP reactions between Dly and V. cholerae, S. agalactiae, R. equi, and Aeromonas schubertii CAMP factors. In S. agalactiae the second-step agent has been reported to be a ceramide-binding protein (42), whereas in R. equi it is a cholesterol oxidase (41). Since it has been demonstrated that deletion of the V. cholerae VCC gene leads to a total suppression of hemolysis (43), we suggest that the unknown CAMP factor produced by V. cholerae is indeed VCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has been demonstrated that cholesterol is required for different poreforming toxins to induce cytolysis, as is the case for V. vulnificus cytolysin (16,38), staphylococcal alpha-toxin (39), and V. cholerae VCC (36,40). Hydrolysis of choline head groups in membranes by sphingomyelinases has been demonstrated to facilitate access to cholesterol and elicit destruction of the membrane by second-step agents (37,41). We demonstrated in our study that Results from three independent groups of 5 animals each per strain tested were pooled and compared using a chi-square test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic and Additive Effects of Chromosomal and Plasmid-Encoded Hemolysins Contribute to Hemolysis and Virulence in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae

et al. 2013

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Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae causes infections and fatal disease in marine animals and in humans. Highly hemolytic strains produce damselysin (Dly) and plasmid-encoded HlyA (HlyA pl ). These hemolysins are encoded by plasmid pPHDD1 and contribute to hemolysis and virulence for fish and mice. In this study, we report that all the hemolytic strains produce a hitherto uncharacterized chromosome-encoded HlyA (HlyA ch ). Hemolysis was completely abolished in a single hlyA ch mutant of a plasmidless strain and in a dly hlyA pl hlyA ch triple mutant. We found that Dly, HlyA pl , and HlyA ch are needed for full hemolytic values in strains harboring pPHDD1, and these values are the result of the additive effects between HlyA pl and HlyA ch , on the one hand, and of the synergistic effect of Dly with HlyA pl and HlyA ch , on the other hand. Interestingly, Dly-producing strains produced synergistic effects with strains lacking Dly production but secreting HlyA, constituting a case of the CAMP (Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen) reaction. Environmental factors such as iron starvation and salt concentration were found to regulate the expression of the three hemolysins. We found that the contributions, in terms of the individual and combined effects, of the three hemolysins to hemolysis and virulence varied depending on the animal species tested. While Dly and HlyA pl were found to be main contributors in the virulence for mice, we observed that the contribution of hemolysins to virulence for fish was mainly based on the synergistic effects between Dly and either of the two HlyA hemolysins rather than on their individual effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic and Additive Effects of Chromosomal and Plasmid-Encoded Hemolysins Contribute to Hemolysis and Virulence in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae

et al. 2013

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“…CAMP‐like reactions were examined daily for 7 days. The presence of a distinct arrowhead of haemolysis at the intersection between the tester strain and the test Exophiala streaks was considered as positivity …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence markers of opportunistic black yeast in Exophiala

Sav

Özakkaş

Altinbaş

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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The black yeast genus Exophiala is known to cause a wide variety of diseases in severely ill individuals but can also affect immunocompetent individuals. Virulence markers and other physiological parameters were tested in eight clinical and 218 environmental strains, with a specific focus on human-dominated habitats for the latter. Urease and catalase were consistently present in all samples; four strains expressed proteinase and three strains expressed DNase, whereas none of the strains showed phospholipase, haemolysis, or co-haemolysis activities. Biofilm formation was identified in 30 (13.8%) of the environmental isolates, particularly in strains from dishwashers, and was noted in only two (25%) of the clinical strains. These results indicate that virulence factors are inconsistently present in the investigated Exophiala species, suggesting opportunism rather than pathogenicity.

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“…Neben den Enzymen spielen vermutlich weitere potenziell pathogene mykotische Faktoren eine Rolle bei der Dermatophyteninvasion. Dazu gehören Xanthomegnin als ein Dermatophytentoxin, Mannane als immunosuppressive Faktoren [15], Hämagglutinine und Faktoren, die kooperative hämolytische Reaktionen auslösen können [16]. Antibiotisch wirksame Substanzen, die von Dermatophyten gebildet werden können [17], sind möglicherweise wichtig zur Behauptung der Pilze gegen die synchrone bakterielle Besiedlung.…”

Section: Jddg | 10˙2010 (Band 8)unclassified