Dermatosis Industrialis in a Blue Print Worker Due to Chromium Compounds

Parkhurst, H. J.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1925.02370080097008

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Dermal contact with chromium compounds has been known to be associated with allergic dermatoses since 1925 (Parkhurst, 1925). However, allergy to trivalent chromium is unusual, due to the low water solubility of Cr(lll) compounds and its negligible absorption through the skin (Bruynzeel et al, 1988;Burrows and Adams, 1990;Spruit and van Neer, 1966).…”

Section: Sensitization To Trivalent Chromium Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, exposure to dry cement has been shown to pose a negligible hazard (Calnan, 1960). Parkhurst (1925) reported chromium contact allergy, based on skin testing of a blueprint processor with a 0.5% aqueous solution of potassium dichromate. Chromium dermatitis in lithography was first described in 1931 by Englehardt and Mayer (1931), who found 25 workers with chromium dermatitis and positive patch-test results to 0.5% potassium dichromate.…”

Section: Occupational Experience With Hexavalent Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the allergic contact dermatitis hazard posed by chromium‐contaminated soil: Identifying a “safe” concentration

Paustenbach

Sheehan

Paull

et al. 1992

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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At least 200 sites in the United States contain soil with elevated levels of trivalent and hexavalent chromium [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)]. Although the potential cancer hazard posed by airborne Cr(VI) has been the primary concern for these sites, a soil cleanup standard based on the potential elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis has been proposed for sites in Hudson County, N.J. This paper describes the rationale for identifying a soil concentration of Cr(VI) that should not pose an allergic contact dermatitis hazard-even in sensitized persons. A literature review of eight published patch test studies that evaluated the allergic response to potassium dichromate was conducted. These studies were evaluated for clinical and statistical relevance in establishing a threshold dose of Cr(VI) to which no more than 10% of the subpopulation sensitized to chromium would respond, and that would protect at least 99.84% of the general population. Although each of the studies had certain methodological limitations when evaluated against current test methods, the data set proved useful for deriving an estimated threshold. Using computer data-fitting techniques based on truncated lognormal distributions, a weighted mean 10% threshold of approximately 150 ppm potassium dichromate or 54 ppm Cr(VI) was identified for the eight studies. Due to the types of limitations noted for these studies, this threshold is likely to be somewhat conservative. Test results have shown that between 5 and 10% of the Cr(VI) at concentrations less than about 500 ppm are released from a soil matrix into an isotonic saline solution simulating sweat. Using human sweat as the extractant, it has been shown that only 0.1% of the CR(VI) at concentrations of approximately 1,000 ppm are released from a soil matrix into sweat. Based on 10% solubilization of soil-bound Cr(VI) and the results of our statistical analysis of previous threshold studies, a concentration of approximately 350 to 500 ppm Cr(VI) in soil should be sufficiently low to protect virtually all exposed people, including children, from chromium-induced allergic contact dermatitis.

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Section: Sensitization To Trivalent Chromium Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%