Desafíos en la divulgación del conocimiento científico de Enfermería producido en Brasil
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Science can be considered as a world of ideas in constant movement -the knowledge-production process -and aims to discover the unity in the different facets of human beings' experience in their environment.Technology, in turn, reflects and shapes the value system. Being a powerful force in the development of civilization, it expands our abilities to change the world and has its own characteristics in each culture (1) .Technology has tightened its relation with science, which makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other in certain areas. As technology affects the social and cultural system more directly than scientific research, the immediate implications of its successes and failures directly influence human activity (2) .Thus, scientific development has become a crucial factor for social well-being, to the extent that, today, the distinction between rich and poor is based on the capacity to create scientific knowledge or not.Without adequate higher education institutions in science, technology and research, involving a critical mass of experienced scientists, no country whatsoever can guarantee any actual development (3) .The explosive knowledge advance is marginalizing people who do not have a combination of research infrastructure, high-quality human resource training and universal scientific education at their disposal. The analysis of the Brazilian situation demonstrates the need to expand the bases of academic research and technological innovation and highlights the urgency of changes in the basic, secondary and higher education system, moving from an informative to a formative system, as a way of preparing persons for the labor market, which highly depends on continuous learning (1) .Knowledge production in Brazil has always been connected with the growth in graduate programs (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) , which are the country's main way of consolidating its scientific base and training human resources that are prepared to solve regional and national problems. One important goal of the education system is to enable researchers to reach this kind of objectives. These knowledge producers should master state-of-the-art knowledge in their activity area, be able to give rise to coherent and updated questions and master methodological procedures to test them. When they structure autochthonous research lines, they become multipliers in the formation of new researchers. Their production must be endorsed by external referees from the national and international context (10) .In a recent publication by Science, which considered scientific production with international impact between 1992 and 2001, Brazil occupied the 19th place in terms of impact factor of publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information -ISI (11) .However, Brazil's technological innovation capacity needs to expand to be able to attend not only the population's immediate needs through appropriate technology, but also to produce goods and services that stimulate economic development (1) .The product and process of scientific activity d...
Science can be considered as a world of ideas in constant movement -the knowledge-production process -and aims to discover the unity in the different facets of human beings' experience in their environment.Technology, in turn, reflects and shapes the value system. Being a powerful force in the development of civilization, it expands our abilities to change the world and has its own characteristics in each culture (1) .Technology has tightened its relation with science, which makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other in certain areas. As technology affects the social and cultural system more directly than scientific research, the immediate implications of its successes and failures directly influence human activity (2) .Thus, scientific development has become a crucial factor for social well-being, to the extent that, today, the distinction between rich and poor is based on the capacity to create scientific knowledge or not.Without adequate higher education institutions in science, technology and research, involving a critical mass of experienced scientists, no country whatsoever can guarantee any actual development (3) .The explosive knowledge advance is marginalizing people who do not have a combination of research infrastructure, high-quality human resource training and universal scientific education at their disposal. The analysis of the Brazilian situation demonstrates the need to expand the bases of academic research and technological innovation and highlights the urgency of changes in the basic, secondary and higher education system, moving from an informative to a formative system, as a way of preparing persons for the labor market, which highly depends on continuous learning (1) .Knowledge production in Brazil has always been connected with the growth in graduate programs (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) , which are the country's main way of consolidating its scientific base and training human resources that are prepared to solve regional and national problems. One important goal of the education system is to enable researchers to reach this kind of objectives. These knowledge producers should master state-of-the-art knowledge in their activity area, be able to give rise to coherent and updated questions and master methodological procedures to test them. When they structure autochthonous research lines, they become multipliers in the formation of new researchers. Their production must be endorsed by external referees from the national and international context (10) .In a recent publication by Science, which considered scientific production with international impact between 1992 and 2001, Brazil occupied the 19th place in terms of impact factor of publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information -ISI (11) .However, Brazil's technological innovation capacity needs to expand to be able to attend not only the population's immediate needs through appropriate technology, but also to produce goods and services that stimulate economic development (1) .The product and process of scientific activity d...
Objetivo principal: conocer cuánto y cómo se está publicando en el ámbito de la enfermería de urgencias cardíacas y coronarias, y cómo se recupera esa literatura. Metodología: la búsqueda bibliográfica se hizo en Medline y Cinahl, utilizando como palabras clave "Emergency Nursing"[Mesh] AND "Heart Diseases"[Mesh]; en Cuiden y en el IME, utilizando como palabras clave "Enferm*" "Card*" y "Urgen*". Se ha limitado la búsqueda a los artículos publicados entre 2003 y 2008, ambos incluidos. Las variables analizadas fueron: año de publicación, idioma del artículo, filiación laboral y ámbito geográfico del autor firmante, revista en la que fue publicado y tipo de artículo. Resultados principales: se han encontrado 181 artículos en Medline y Cinahl, en las bases de datos nacionales no se obtuvo ningún resultado. El 28'18% fueron publicados en 2008; el 95'18% han sido escritos en inglés; el 44'20% fueron escritos por autores estadounidenses, no se ha encontrado ninguno procedente de España. Conclusión principal: la producción científica en enfermería de urgencias cardíacas y coronarias es escasa. La recuperación presenta deficiencias debido a que las bases de datos no muestran algunas informaciones sobre el artículo (autor, tipo de artículo, tema).
Este artículo contiene un resumen de las críticas a la utilización del factor de impacto (FI) como indicador de calidad de las publicaciones y de producción de investigadores. Tales críticas alcanzan a los autores que intentan publicar en revistas con FI, argumentando que así renuncian a la propia identidad, primando su currículum sobre la utilidad de su investigación. En oposición a esas críticas se afirma que unos criterios de evaluación exigentes sirven de estímulo para la internacionalización del sistema científico. Existe consenso en la comunidad académica sobre las imperfecciones del FI y su aceptación como recurso válido y necesario para la evaluación científica, como también en que el debate identitario contribuye poco a resolver la invisibilidad internacional de la investigación de enfermería en español. Se esbozan propuestas que apuestan por aprovechar las fortalezas para incrementar y visibilizar dicha investigación, desarrollar estrategias para incluir y mantener a las revistas en español en el Journal Citation Reports (JCR), fomentar la formación y cooperación interdisciplinar, promover la publicación de investigaciones desarrolladas en los programas de posgrado, y reclamar la apuesta editorial por la indexación de sus revistas en el JCR. Se concluye que, aunque difícil, es posible aumentar la visibilidad de la producción científica de enfermería en español.
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