Desalination of a thermal power plant wastewater by membrane capacitive deionization

Time-dependent ion selectivity in capacitive charging of porous electrodes

“…In commercial desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis and multistage flash distillation, freshwater is produced at relatively high energy cost and often requires re-mineralization for human consumption. For brackish water or wastewater it can be advantageous to use a different type of technology, namely techniques where ions are removed from the feed water under the influence of electrical field effects, such as in electrodialysis [8,9], capacitive deionization [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], membrane capacitive deionization [29][30][31][32][33][34], desalination using microchannels [35], batteries [36], microbial desalination cells [37] and wires [38]. Such techniques have the potential to be energy-efficient as they focus on the removal of the (often relatively few) ions in the water to obtain freshwater in this way.…”

Effect of electrode thickness variation on operation of capacitive deionization

“…Technologies where ions are removed from water by electrical fields include electro-deionization and electrodialysis [1,2], water desalination using microchannels [3] and batteries [4], capacitive deionization (CDI) , and membrane capacitive deionization [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Recently a new promising application with focus on generating energy from mixing fresh and salt water has been demonstrated, which makes use of a capacitive flow process similar to that employed in CDI [37,38].…”

Developing Nano-Structured Carbon Electrodes for Capacitive Brackish Water Desalination

“…I n a d d i t i o n t o C D I , m e m b r a n e c a p a c i t i ve deionization technology (MCDI) as an modification of CDI has attracted great attentions. CDI which combined with an ion exchange membrane has shown great desalination performance compared to CDI without the membrane [35][36][37][38]. In a standard CDI device, the salt removal efficiency would be slightly reduced because of co-ion effects (ions of equal polarity as the electrode).…”