Desalination of brackish groundwater to improve water quality and water supply

Ahdab, Yvana D.; Lienhard, John H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818172-0.00041-4

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A method is selected depending on a variety of factors, including: brine composition and quantity; geographic location; availability of receiving site (e.g., surface body); and capital and operating costs. Over 90% of seawater desalination plants use surface water discharge back into the ocean, while sewer discharge, deep-injection wells and land application are almost exclusively used by brackish water desalination plants [59].…”

Section: Appendix a Brine Disposal Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main disadvantage of MSED for SW desalination is its notably higher specific energy consumption (SEC) than that of RO [18]; RO SEC ranges from 2-4.5 kWh/m 3 [6,19] in comparison to MSED's SEC of 3.7-15 kWh/m 3 depending on operating conditions [19,20,21,22,23]. Solarpowered desalination provides a more sustainable option than conventionally-powered desalination, because it mitigates the global warming impact of greater SEC [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SW desalination brine is usually disposed via surface water discharge[15,54] (Appendix A). The cost of surface water discharge ranges from 0.03 $/m 3 to 0.30 $/m 3[9,54,58,59]. The desalination capacity for a given farm size is based on the assumption that one hectare of farm requires a desalination capacity of 60 m 3 /day/ha[17,34].2.2.4.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cost effectiveness of conventionally and solar powered monovalent selective electrodialysis for seawater desalination in greenhouses

et al. 2021

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Reverse osmosis is the most widely used desalination technology for treating irrigation water. Reverse omsosis removes both monovalent ions detrimental to crops (Na + , Cl − ) and divalent ions beneficial for crops (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SO 2− 4 ).Fertilizer must then be added to the desalinated water to reintroduce these nutrients. Unlike reverse osmosis, monovalent selective electrodialysis selectively removes monovalent ions while retaining divalent ions in the desalinated water. This paper investigates the monovalent selectivity and cost effectiveness of the widely-used Neosepta and new Fujifilm monovalent selective electrodialysis membranes in treating seawater for irrigation. Membrane selectivity, limiting current, and resistance are experimentally characterized. These system parameters are inputs to the developed cost model, which determines fertilizer and water savings, as well as operating and capital costs, relative to reverse osmosis; the primary operating cost difference stems from reverse osmosis's significantly lower energy consumption.Given prices of commercially available membranes, monovalent selective electrodialysis costs an average of 30% more than reverse osmosis. At the projected sales price of Fujifilm membranes, which are still under development, monovalent selective electrodialysis costs an average of 10% more than reverse osmosis; if electricity costs are less than 0.08 $/kWh, monovalent selective electrodialysis is on par with reverse osmosis. Regardless of membrane price and electricity cost, solar-powered desalination is only economical if photovoltaic capital costs are significantly reduced to 0.10-0.20 $/kWh. When monovalent selective electrodialysis exceeds reverse osmosis cost, the financial requirements of competitive monovalent selective electrodialysis (e.g., energy consumption, electricity cost, energy source, membrane cost) are evaluated.

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Section: Appendix a Brine Disposal Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cost effectiveness of conventionally and solar powered monovalent selective electrodialysis for seawater desalination in greenhouses

et al. 2021

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“…[133] Energy production using the osmotic potential energy [134] Technologies based on solar ponds [135] Environmental applications Land application [136] Regeneration of degraded areas [137] In aquaculture and fish farming Use of microalgae as biomass for removing certain salts [138] Inland saline aquaculture [139] Other potential uses…”

Section: Energy Recovery [132] Energy Production With Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: Physicochemical Characteristics, Environmental Impact, and Technologies

et al. 2021

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This study’s aim is to generate a complete profile of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), including physicochemical characteristics, environmental impact, and technologies for ROC treatment, alongside element recovery with potential valorization. A systematic literature review was used to compile and analyze scientific information about ROC, and systematic identification and evaluation of the data/evidence in the articles were conducted using the methodological principles of grounded data theory. The literature analysis revealed that two actions are imperative: (1) countries should impose strict regulations to avoid the contamination of receiving water bodies and (2) desalination plants should apply circular economies. Currently, synergizing conventional and emerging technologies is the most efficient method to mitigate the environmental impact of desalination processes. However, constructed wetlands are an emerging technology that promise to be a viable multi-benefit solution, as they can provide simultaneous treatment of nutrients, metals, and trace organic contaminants at a relatively low cost, and are socially accepted; therefore, they are a sustainable solution.

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“…The conventional drinking water treatment process consists of coagulation, followed by sedimentation, media-filtration, and disinfection. − Pressure-driven membrane filtration systems, such as brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) and nanofiltration (NF), are typically installed right before the disinfection step and are used to remove small, ionic species, such as Na, Cl, or hardness. However, NF and RO membranes cannot treat raw feedwater, requiring pretreatment that involves prefiltration using looser membranes (e.g., ultrafiltration) or media filters. − The choice of pretreatment is often determined by the specific feedwater quality characteristics and desired percentage recovery but is also dictated by the manufacturer’s specifications that often revolve around turbidity (<1NTU) and silt density index (<4). ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Optimization of Treatment Technologies Treating Groundwater from the Arbuckle-Timbered Hills Aquifer in Oklahoma

Jung

Menk

Watts³

et al. 2021

ACS EST Water

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Modern groundwater treatment processes often consist of pretreatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection steps. In order to achieve maximum water production and quality at the lowest possible production cost, treatment trains should be rationally designed based on contaminants present in the raw water and the target application. In this study, synthetic and natural groundwater (obtained from the Arbuckle-Timbered Hills Aquifer in SW Oklahoma) containing elevated concentrations of fluoride (F), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were treated using a range of water treatment trains, with the goal of producing drinking water. The impact of coagulant (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 •18H 2 O, aluminum sulfate) dosage, filtration media (quartz sand, manganese greensand, and activated alumina), and membranes (i.e., nanofiltration (NF) and brackish reverse osmosis) were investigated in terms of removal efficiency of target contaminants. Then, a water reuse model was employed to determine the optimal treatment train configuration and blending regime that maximizes quality while minimizing treatment cost. The water reuse model determined that the optimal treatment train consists of aluminum sulfate coagulation, activated alumina filtration, and NF and has a capability to produce potable water that meets drinking water guidelines at a production cost of $0.212/m 3 .

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Desalination of brackish groundwater to improve water quality and water supply

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Cost effectiveness of conventionally and solar powered monovalent selective electrodialysis for seawater desalination in greenhouses

Cost effectiveness of conventionally and solar powered monovalent selective electrodialysis for seawater desalination in greenhouses

Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: Physicochemical Characteristics, Environmental Impact, and Technologies

Evaluation and Optimization of Treatment Technologies Treating Groundwater from the Arbuckle-Timbered Hills Aquifer in Oklahoma

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