Desalination of sea water by direct osmosis

Kravath, Richard E.; Davis, Joanna

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(00)82089-5

Cited by 218 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

110

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Batchelder patented in 1965 a method of FO-desalination suggesting a draw solution with sulfur dioxide [15]. Following this, several methods and designs were reported and patented [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Different draw solutions were suggested: precipitable salts, sugar, gas, solvents potassium nitrate and even magnetic nanoparticles [22].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In the past four decades, membrane development has occurred based on the demand in pressure driven processes. However, in the last decade, the interest in osmotically driven processes, such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), has increased. The preparation of customized membranes is essential for the development of these technologies. Recently, several very promising membrane preparation methods for FO/PRO applications have emerged. Preparation of thin film composite (TFC) membranes with a customized polysulfone (PSf) support, electorspun support, TFC membranes on hydrophilic support and hollow fiber membranes have been reported for FO/PRO applications. These novel methods allow the use of other materials than the traditional asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA) membranes and TFC polyamide/polysulfone membranes. This review provides an outline of the membrane requirements for FO/PRO and the new methods and materials in membrane preparation.

show abstract

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Initially RO membranes were applied to FO processes. [47,48] However, much lower fluxes than theoretical value were obtained due to the high transport resistance as a result of the high thickness of RO membranes. There were few structurally designed membranes particularly for FO applications until the first commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) flat sleet membrane was developed by Hydration Technologies Inc. (HTI) in the 1990s.…”

Section: Advances In Fo Membranesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Ge³

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forward osmosis (FO) has been extensively investigated and demonstrated its advantages in a range of FO applications over the past decade. However, challenges still remain in terms of the lack of both efficient FO membranes and appropriate draw solutes for practical FO applications. To promote the advancement of FO technology, considerable efforts have been made in exploring novel FO membranes and draw solutes in recent years. This paper will provide a short review on the progress of both FO membranes and draw solutes. First of all, a brief overview on FO principle is given. Then the progress in FO technology related to FO membrane and draw solute is presented with specific examples. Finally, challenges and future directions of FO technology in exploring efficient FO membranes and promising draw solutes are also highlighted. This article may provide new insights into the future development of FO technology and promote practical FO applications.Keywords forward osmosis, draw solution, forward osmosis membrane, forward osmosis application IntroductionFreshwater shortage has been becoming a more and more severe problem globally. [1][2][3][4] To mitigate this problem, various technologies for clean water production have been explored worldwide recently. [5][6][7][8][9] Membrane technology has shown a great potential in water treatment in view of the advantages of no phase change, strong adaptability, relatively simple operation and low cost. [5,[10][11][12] A range of pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration (MF), [13][14][15][16] ultrafiltration (UF), [13,17,18] nanofiltration (NF), [19][20][21] and reverse osmosis (RO) [22][23][24][25][26] have been extensively used for clean water production through either wastewater reuse or brackish water/ seawater desalination. However, some issues, such as severe membrane fouling, low water recovery rate, intensive-energy consumption and relatively low quality of product water, occur frequently during these processes. [10,13,17,23,27] FO has been recognized as a promising membrane process because of the following characteristics: (1) no requirement of hydraulic pressure; (2) a relatively high water recovery rate; (3) low membrane fouling propensity due to the absence of hydraulic pressure; (4) environmental friendliness. Given these merits, FO technology has been applied to a wide range of fields, such as seawater/brackish water desalination, [4,24,28] wastewater treatment, [8,[29][30][31] and many other areas. [32][33][34][35][36] Although FO exhibits a great potential in alleviating the issues caused by freshwater shortage, challenges, such as relatively low water permeability, high reverse solute diffusion, severe concentration polarization (CP), and membrane fouling, are still present in FO applications. [37][38][39] To eliminate these problems, exploration of appropriate semi-permeable FO membrane and draw solute is urgently needed. Great efforts have been made in the development of FO technology in recent years, and a wide range of powerful FO membra...

show abstract

“…The coating step proceeded at room temperature and performed in only one side of the membrane. The membrane soaked in phenylendiamine solution at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 g/l for 30 minutes in the presence of 0.1% SDS as a catalyst [28], then the membrane removed from this solution and air dried. After that, the membrane soaked in a solution of benzoyl chloride in hexane with a concentration ranging from 0 to 1g/l for 30 minutes.…”

Section: Membrane Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2-aryl benzimidazole was synthesized in aqueous media through reaction of o-phenylenediamine with ortho ester in presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate as a catalyst [28], the mechanism of reaction on membrane surface is shown in the following scheme:…”

Section: Membrane Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of nonwoven cellulose triacetate forward-osmosis membranes by surface coating modification

Aly¹,

Gadallah²,

Ali³

et al. 2017

IJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forward osmosis (FO) is considered as one of the emerging techniques in membrane technology. The enhancement of FO performance is governed by two major factors: the first one is development of high-performance draw solutions and the second is utilizing of high efficient FO membranes. The aim of this work is to investigate chemical surface coating modification of commercial nonwoven forward osmosis membrane with new hydrophilic coating materials namely, o-phenylene di-amine and benzoyl chloride. The effect of coating addition at different concentrations was studied. The membrane morphology and chemical structure characterization of modified membranes proved the formation of dense layer and higher membrane porosity. Finally, it was demonstrated that increasing of coating material concentration gradually increases porosity and membrane performance till 0.75 g/l. By further increasing of coating materials, the porosity and membrane performance tend to decrease.

show abstract

Desalination of sea water by direct osmosis

Cited by 218 publications

References 4 publications

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

Enhancement of nonwoven cellulose triacetate forward-osmosis membranes by surface coating modification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About