Desalination of water by reverse osmosis using gravitational potential energy and wind energy

Desalination techniques — A review of the opportunities for desalination in agriculture

“…A hybrid system based on gravitational and wind energy has been proposed [39]. In this system a windmill pumps feed water to special pistons inside a complex series of desalination columns.…”

Wind and Geothermal Energy in Desalination: A Short Review on Progress and Sustainable Commercial Processes

“…This concept involves the design of a RO desalination system model that incorporates gravitational potential energy with wind energy [27]. In a typical RO plant, a high pressure pump is required to pump the feed seawater through membranes so that the feed water can be separated into pure water and brine solution.…”

Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems: The Case of Desalination

“…Fadigas and Dias (2009) designed an alternative configuration to conventional RO desalination systems by incorporating the use of gravitational potential energy, without using either electricity or fossil fuels. The gravitational potential energy, presented by water stored in a reservoir above a certain height, was converted by wind energy from windmills (or wind turbines).…”