This chapter explores the role of the gut-brain axis, ketogenic diet, and cow's milk allergy on epileptic seizures, with a special focus on childhood. Milk nutrition is particularly relevant for normal growth and health in childhood; however, some studies report an association between cow's milk allergy and epileptic events. It is necessary to clarify the role of protein polymorphisms in these events and the influence of milk protein fractions on gut microbiota in Note to the Reader: This chapter is part of the book Epilepsy (ISBN: 978-0-6453320-4-9), scheduled for publication in March 2022. The book is being published by Exon Publications,