Description and genetic variation of a distinct species of <i>Potyvirus</i> infecting saffron (<scp><i>Crocus sativus</i></scp> L.) plants in major production regions in Iran

Parizad, Shirin; Dizadji, Akbar; Habibi, Mina Koohi; Winter, Stephan; Kalantari, Siamak; Movi, Shahrbanoo; García‐Arenal, Fernando; Ayllón, Marı́a A.

doi:10.1111/aab.12456

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As viral RNA acts as an open reading frame and may also form a functional RNA element, mutating a part of the viral genome can be detrimental to virus survival [70,71]. The evolution of potyviruses with plants has progressed for about 15,000 to 30,000 years and the emergence of new potyviral species are still being documented [72,73]. Further, potyviruses are among the most widely-distributed pathogens in crops, hampering the production and the quality of food [74][75][76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

Bera

Arena

Ray

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Potyviral genomes encode just 11 major proteins and multifunctionality is associated with most of these proteins at different stages of the virus infection cycle. Some potyviral proteins modulate phytohormones and protein degradation pathways and have either pro- or anti-viral/insect vector functions. Our previous work demonstrated that the potyviral protein 6K1 has an antagonistic effect on vectors when expressed transiently in host plants, suggesting plant defenses are regulated. However, to our knowledge the mechanisms of how 6K1 alters plant defenses and how 6K1 functions are regulated are still limited. Here we show that the 6K1 from Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) reduces the abundance of transcripts related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and cysteine protease inhibitors when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana relative to controls. 6K1 stability increased when cysteine protease activity was inhibited chemically, showing a mechanism to the rapid turnover of 6K1 when expressed in trans. Using RNAseq, qRT-PCR, and enzymatic assays, we demonstrate TuMV reprograms plant protein degradation pathways on the transcriptional level and increases 6K1 stability at later stages in the infection process. Moreover, we show 6K1 decreases plant protease activity in infected plants and increases TuMV accumulation in systemic leaves compared to controls. These results suggest 6K1 has a pro-viral function in addition to the anti-insect vector function we observed previously. Although the host targets of 6K1 and the impacts of 6K1-induced changes in protease activity on insect vectors are still unknown, this study enhances our understanding of the complex interactions occurring between plants, potyviruses, and vectors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

Bera

Arena

Ray

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Low coverage contigs and ambiguous hits based on BLASTn were discarded for further analysis. Among the 17 viruses identified, 4 of them, SaLV, TuMV, BYMV and BWYV were already identified as Crocus sativus pathogens in previous studies 10,14,15,17,18 .…”

Section: Overview Of Virus Identification In Saffron Samplesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…These include turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) 10 , narcissus mosaic virus (NMV) 11 , arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) 12 , tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco rattle virus (TRV) 13 , bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) 14 , beet western yellows virus (BWYV) 15 , soybean mosaic virus (SMV) 16 , iris mild mosaic virus (IMMV) 13 and iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) 9 . Recently, two distinct potyvirus species, saffron latent virus (SaLV) 17,18 and saffron yellow mosaic virus (SYMV) 19 , have been discovered in Iran. While their impact on saffron production remains to be determined, one study suggests that the presence of SaLV may influence the final quality of the spice, regarding crocins content 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Viral Landscape of Saffron through Metatranscriptomic Analysis

Martinez-Fajardo,

Navarro-Simarro,

Morote

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a historically significant crop valued for its nutraceutical properties, has been poorly explored from a phytosanitary perspective. This study conducted a thorough examination of viruses affecting saffron samples from Spanish cultivars, using high-throughput sequencing alongside a systematic survey of transcriptomic datasets from Crocus sativus at the Sequence Read Archive. Our analysis unveiled a broad diversity and abundance, identifying 17 viruses across the 45 analyzed libraries, some of which were highly prevalent. This includes known saffron-infecting viruses and previously unreported ones. In addition, we discovered novel viruses from the Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Potyviridae, Solemoviridae, and Geminiviridae families, with some present in libraries from various locations. These findings indicate that the saffron-associated virome is more complex than previously reported, emphasizing the potential of phytosanitary analysis to enhance saffron productivity.

show abstract

“…Unlike other viruses where selection pressure for different proteins could be determined [ 76 , 77 ], the different lengths of ulaRNA RdRp sequences and the smaller number of sequences available makes it challenging to conduct proper tests to assay for selection pressure on the RdRp. Based on the presence of the RSE within the RdRp ORF, the CCS at the 5′ ends of the gRNA and presumptive sgRNA, and the conserved 3′ terminal structural elements found in umbraviruses and both Class 2 and Class 3 ulaRNAs, it is reasonable to speculate that ulaRNAs originated from the same ancestral virus as umbraviruses, which agrees with the phylogenetic trees based on RdRp ORF nucleotide and aa sequence ( Figure 2 A,B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis and Whole Genome Mapping of a New Type of Plant Virus Subviral RNA: Umbravirus-Like Associated RNAs

Liu

Carino

Bera

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report the biological and structural characterization of umbravirus-like associated RNAs (ulaRNAs), a new category of coat-protein dependent subviral RNA replicons that infect plants. These RNAs encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) following a −1 ribosomal frameshift event, are 2.7–4.6 kb in length, and are related to umbraviruses, unlike similar RNA replicons that are related to tombusviruses. Three classes of ulaRNAs are proposed, with citrus yellow vein associated virus (CYVaV) placed in Class 2. With the exception of CYVaV, Class 2 and Class 3 ulaRNAs encode an additional open reading frame (ORF) with movement protein-like motifs made possible by additional sequences just past the RdRp termination codon. The full-length secondary structure of CYVaV was determined using Selective 2’ Hydroxyl Acylation analyzed by Primer Extension (SHAPE) structure probing and phylogenic comparisons, which was used as a template for determining the putative structures of the other Class 2 ulaRNAs, revealing a number of distinctive structural features. The ribosome recoding sites of nearly all ulaRNAs, which differ significantly from those of umbraviruses, may exist in two conformations and are highly efficient. The 3′ regions of Class 2 and Class 3 ulaRNAs have structural elements similar to those of nearly all umbraviruses, and all Class 2 ulaRNAs have a unique, conserved 3′ cap-independent translation enhancer. CYVaV replicates independently in protoplasts, demonstrating that the reported sequence is full-length. Additionally, CYVaV contains a sequence in its 3′ UTR that confers protection to nonsense mediated decay (NMD), thus likely obviating the need for umbravirus ORF3, a known suppressor of NMD. This initial characterization lays down a road map for future investigations into these novel virus-like RNAs.

show abstract

Description and genetic variation of a distinct species of Potyvirus infecting saffron (Crocus sativus L.) plants in major production regions in Iran

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

The Potyviral Protein 6K1 Reduces Plant Proteases Activity during Turnip mosaic virus Infection

Exploring the Viral Landscape of Saffron through Metatranscriptomic Analysis

Structural Analysis and Whole Genome Mapping of a New Type of Plant Virus Subviral RNA: Umbravirus-Like Associated RNAs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About