Description and molecular characterisation of Xiphinema herakliense n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from wild and cultivated olives in Crete

Abstract

Xiphinema herakliense n. sp. from wild olive and cultivated trees in Vathy Rema and other localities, Heraklion province of Crete, Greece, is described based on morphological and molecular characters. The new species is characterised by having differentiation in the tubular part of the uterus, body length 4.1 (3.3-5.5) mm, odontostyle 149 (135-163) μm long, odontophore 85 (71-98) μm long, female tail dorsally convex-conoid with subdigitate peg, and presence of functional males. The polytomous identification code of the new species is: A4, B2 + 3, C5a, D6(5), E5, F4(5), G3, H2, I3, J5, K5, L2. The new species belongs to morphospecies Xiphinema nonamericanum Group 5 characterised by having two equally developed female genital branches with uterine differentiation, presence of pseudo-Z-organ with small granular bodies plus small spines (in low number) and crystalloid bodies along uterus, and a short, rounded tail ending in a peg. Xiphinema herakliense n. sp. appears closely related to X. barense, X. horvatovicae, X. lanceolatum, X. loteni, X. sphaerocephalum and X. thorneanum, from which it may be differentiated morphologically and/or molecularly. The results of the phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S rRNA gene and ITS1 rRNA genes are also supportive of its specific status.The occurrence and geographic distribution of longidorid nematode species inhabiting the rhizosphere of cultivated and wild olives and grapevine on Crete Island has been investigated during the last three decades. Five

Remarkable Diversity and Prevalence of Dagger Nematodes of the Genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Olives Revealed by Integrative Approaches

“…vallense , X . vuittenezi and several unidentified species) reported in various countries of the Mediterranean Basin [18, 28, 33, 34, 42, 80]. The present results increase the previous data about diversity of Xiphinema species detected in olive worldwide, including four new species from the X .…”

“…nov. can be differentiated from X . herakliense by higher a and c ratios (80.0–98.2, 106.0–158.3 vs 59.0–75.0, 83.0–122.0, respectively), a shorter odontostyle (120.0–131.5 vs 127.0–157.0 μm), shorter spicules (57.5–66.0 vs 70.0–81.0 μm) [80]. On the other hand, X .…”

Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cultivated and wild olive trees in Crete, Greece

“…Taking into account all fi ndings of this survey (Tzortzakakis et al, 2018;Palomares-Rius et al, 2018a;Palomares-Rius et al, 2018b;Tzortzakakis et al, 2104;Tzortzakakis et al, 2016a;Tzortzakakis et al, 2016b;Tzortzakakis et al, 2015), a total of 36 species belonging to 19 genera were found in both cultivated and wild olives (Tables 1 and 2). The prevalence of each of them was calculated as the percentage of samples in which the nematode species was diagnosed with respect to total number of samples (Tables 1 and 2).…”

“…Clusters of wild olives are also located in some areas of the island. Surveys on plant parasitic nematodes associated to cultivated and wild olive trees, which were carried out during the period 2013-2015, revealed the presence of ten species of the family Longidoridae, two species from each of the genus Rotylenchus and Rotylenchulus, three species of Helicotylenchus, Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Pratylenchoides alkani and Merlinius brevidens (Table 1), on the rhizosphere of both olive types (Tzortzakakis et al, 2014(Tzortzakakis et al, , 2015(Tzortzakakis et al, , 2016ab, 2018Palomares-Rius et al, 2018ab). The main goal of this study was to identify the remain-to obtain suffi cient specimens for morphological identifi cation of the nematodes.…”

Description of a new dagger nematode, Xiphinema barooghii n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) and additional data on the three known species of the genus from northwest of Iran

“…Based on the molecular and morphological similarities, the new species is closely related to X. aceri (Chizhov et al, 1986); X. granatum (Pedram, Pourjam, Palomares-Rius, Ghaemi, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete and Castillo, 2012); X. herakliense (Tzortzakakis et al, 2015); X. zagrosense (Ghaemi et al, 2012), and X. vuittenezi (Luc et al, 1964), but it can be separated using the morphometric data, characters of the juveniles, especially the shape of their tail in the first stage and partial sequences of 28S rDNA (except X. aceri as it currently lacks molecular data of D2-D3 expansion part of 28S rDNA).…”