Description and results of birth defects surveillance and follow‐up programs in Bogotá and Cali, Colombia, 2002–2019

Abstract

Birth defects are structural or functional defects present at birth and are caused by different factors that affect intrauterine development. They are the second most common cause of death under five years of age in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Bogotá and Cali, Colombia, there are two surveillance programs established to evaluate the prevalence of them. The purpose of the following article is to describe the experience and results of the surveillance of the Birth Defects Surveillance Programs in Bogotá and Cali, Colombia, 2002-2019. The information was taken from the surveillance programs that have an active hospital system in some institutions of the city (ECLAMC modality), and use data from the passive national system (Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública -SIVIGILA) to expand their coverage. From 2002 until 2019, 1,289.650 births have been monitored through one of the surveillance programs, including both methodologies. The importance of surveillance programs relies on the amount of data obtained that allows the development of research, the detection of potential changes throughout time, and the guidance of public policies to improve promotion and prevention strategies.

Defectos congénitos y exposición prenatal a material particulado en una población colombiana

“…Nuestro estudio evidenció la asociación entre nivel económico bajo y la presencia de defectos congénitos, con resultados estadísticamente significativos al comparar gestantes que habi-tan en zonas con mayor índice de pobreza (OR 0,22; IC95%: 0,66 a 0,74; p: 0.015). Esto coincide con múltiples reportes que identifican la pobreza como factor de riesgo relacionado a defectos congénitos (1,2,4,5,26) .…”

“…Se presentan en cerca del 5% de los nacimientos (1,2) y pueden afectar diferentes sistemas y órganos, desde alteraciones principalmente estéticas hasta entidades letales o incompatibles con la vida como la agenesia de órganos (2,3) . Son una de las principales causas de mortalidad perinatal y se relaciona con discapacidad, hospitalizaciones prolongadas y procedimientos quirúrgicos, representando un costo importante para el sistema de salud (4,5) .…”

“…Entre las etiologías y factores de riesgo destacan las alteraciones genéticas, infecciones, exposición a teratógenos y condiciones ambientales (1,5,6) . La exposición prenatal de las gestantes a emisiones de contaminación ambiental se asocia a diferentes eventos obstétricos adversos, tales como trastornos hipertensivos, peso fetal bajo, parto pretérmino y defectos congénitos.…”

Review about Tissue 3D Printing Directed to Organ Transplant and Birth Defects

“…The most common malformations by organ systems in Colombia are cardiovascular (cardiac chambers, cardiac septum, and great arteries), musculoskeletal (polydactylies, limb malformation), renal (pelvis and ureter), and microtia. Around 50% of congenital defects can be treated via surgery which will significatively improve or cure the medical condition [8]. The prior defects can be solved with organ transplantation and tissue regeneration.…”

A case‐control study characterizing polydactyly risk factors in Bogotá and Cali, Colombia between 2002 and 2020

“…In Colombia, according to the National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA for its acronym in Spanish), PD represented 17% of all congenital abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system in 2021, with a prevalence of 6.03 per 10,000 LB (Instituto Nacional de Salud, República de Colombia, 2022). Preaxial PD in Bogotá between 2001 and 2010 showed a prevalence of 3.04 per 10,000 LB (Zarante, Gracia, & Zarante, 2016), and all types of PD showed a prevalence of 16.84 per 10,000 LB during 2006–2015 (Zarante, Sarmiento, et al, 2016).…”