Description of a New Anguinid Nematode, Nothotylenchus phoenixae n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) Associated with Palm Date Trees and Its Phylogenetic Relations within the Family Anguinidae

Abstract

Nothotylenchus phoenixae n. sp. is described and illustrated from soil samples of palm trees in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. The new species is characterized by a body length of 784 (663 to 925) mm in females and 677 to 715 mm in males; a delicate stylet 6 (5 to 7) mm long and six lines in the lateral field; median bulb of pharynx fusiform, nonmuscular, and nonvalvate; isthmus elongate, slender ending to a pyriform basal pharyngeal bulb not overlapping intestine; postvulval uterine sac well developed, 15 (14 to 17) mm long, female tail elongate-conoid with pointed terminus; and male with adanal bursa and spicules 21 to 22 mm long (n = 2). The new species comes close in morphology and morphometrics to five known species of the genus, namely N. affinis, N. hexaglyphus, N. persicus, N. taylori, and N. uniformis. Molecular analyses of the partial 18S, D2/D3 expansion segments of the partial 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) revealed this as a new species. The sequences of the partial 18S and 28S D2/D3 regions confirmed the close phylogenetic relationship between N. phoenixae n. sp. and other anguinids, but Nothotylenchus is clearly separated from Ditylenchus species and should be considered as a valid genus.

Beech leaf disease symptoms caused by newly recognized nematode subspecies Litylenchus crenatae mccannii (Anguinata) described from Fagus grandifolia in North America

“…Amplification reactions were performed in an MJ Research PTC‐200 thermal cycler (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Inc.). An initial denaturation for 2 min at 94°C was followed by 35 cycles of denaturation for 30 s at 94°C, annealing for 45 s at 55°C and extension for 3 min at 72°C, with a final extension of 10 min at 72°C (Esmaeili, Heydari, & Ye, ). PCR product was visually checked using 1% agarose gels and ethidium bromide staining.…”

Foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, population dynamics in leaves and buds of beech leaf disease‐affected trees in Canada and the US

“…Amplification reactions were performed in an MJ Research PTC‐200 thermal cycler (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Inc.). An initial denaturation for 2 min at 94 °C was followed by 35 cycles of denaturation for 30 s at 94 °C, annealing for 45 s at 55 °C and extension for 3 min at 72 °C, with a final extension of 10 min at 72 °C (Esmaeili, Heydari, & Ye, 2017). Sequence accession numbers for nematodes recovered at Holden Arboretum were MN625146–MN625161.…”

Molecular and morphological characterization of Paurodontoides siddiqii n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerulariidae) associated with bark samples of Pinus eldarica from western Iran

“…(2015), Esmaeili et al . (2017) and Mobasseri et al . (2017), indicating the close relationships amongst the genera of Sphaerulariidae and Paurodontidae.…”

“…Recently, molecular markers and phylogenetic inferences have been proven to be an effective method of delimiting species of the complex and morphologically conserved sphaerularioid group members (Yaghoubi et al ., 2014; Golhasan et al ., 2016; Miraeiz et al ., 2015; Esmaeili et al ., 2016a, b, 2017). According to our 18S and partial 28S trees (figs 3 and 4) and other previous studies (Koshel et al ., 2014; Yaghoubi et al ., 2014; Miraeiz et al , 2015; Esmaeili et al ., 2016a, b, 2017; Golhasan et al ., 2016; Mobasseri et al ., 2017), most genera and families of Hexatylina are not monophyletic, using rDNA sequences; however, the molecular sequences are not available for most representatives of this suborder ( sensu Siddiqi, 2000).…”