Description of a new species of <i>Asterina</i> (Asteroidea), with an account of its ecology

Emson, R. H.; Crump, R. G.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400046191

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Our hypothesis that populations of P. exigua would be genetically partitioned at a very fine spatial scale was supported. The life‐history traits of this egg laying species, with pseudocopulation among conspecifics, is very unusual in the Echinodermata and is only known for four other species, all of which are small asterinid sea stars (Emson & Crump, ; Komatsu et al ., ; Byrne, ; Barbosa et al ., ). Of these sea stars, only Asterina gibbosa has been investigated with respect to its population genetics, and similar to P. exigua , strong levels of genetic structure (using amplified fragment length polymorphisms) were detected across spatial scales ranging from 100–1000 km in a regional investigation of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations (Baus, Darrock & Bruford, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very fine-scale population genetic structure of sympatric asterinid sea stars with benthic and pelagic larvae: influence of mating system and dispersal potential

Barbosa

Klanten

Puritz

et al. 2013

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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The present study investigated the fine‐scale population genetic structure of sympatric asterinid sea stars with contrasting modes of larval development (benthic versus pelagic). Parvulastra exigua lacks a dispersive life phase yet is one of the worlds most widely distributed and abundant sea stars, whereas Meridiastra calcar, a sea star with a dispersive larva, has a more limited regional scale distribution. Populations of P. exigua sampled from tide pools on three adjacent headlands showed significant genetic substructure (mitochodrial DNA control region) at fine spatial scales (tide pools < 300 m apart: FST = 0.249, P < 0.01; headlands 5–15 km apart: FST = 0.125, P = 0.04). As expected, M. calcar populations sampled from the same headlands did not exhibit significant genetic structuring (FST = 0.029, P = 0.14). The life‐history traits of P. exigua, a mixed mating system (selfing + outcrossing), pseudocopulation among closely‐related conspecifics, and an entirely benthic life cycle with a philopatric larva, undoubtedly influence its strong genetic structure across fine spatial scales. Localized genetic structure, especially at the very fine‐scale of tide pools, would not be detected in the more typical regional scale approaches adopted by most studies of marine invertebrate populations. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, ●●, ●●–●●.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very fine-scale population genetic structure of sympatric asterinid sea stars with benthic and pelagic larvae: influence of mating system and dispersal potential

Barbosa

Klanten

Puritz

et al. 2013

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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“…Nevertheless, examples are known in the literature where life history trait shifts are strongly governed by local conditions (Ó Foighil 1988; Gillespie & McClintock 2007; Fetzer & Arntz 2008; Mercier & Hamel 2008), and this is especially the case within some asterinid species complexes (Emson & Crump 1979; Byrne et al. 2003; Hart et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did vicariance and adaptation drive cryptic speciation and evolution of brooding in Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), a common Atlanto-Mediterranean ophiuroid?

2011

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Over the last decade, cryptic speciation has been discovered in an increasing number of taxa. Species complexes are useful models for the understanding of speciation processes. Motivated by the discovery of brooding specimens in the common Atlanto-Mediterranean broadcast spawning brittle star, Ophioderma longicauda, a recent study revealed the occurrence of divergent mitochondrial lineages. We analysed 218 specimens from 23 locations spread over the geographic range of the species with partial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. A subset of this sample was also surveyed with the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA cluster (nuclear ITS-1). Our study revealed six highly divergent mitochondrial lineages, and the ITS-1 data confirmed that they most likely represent a species complex. Geographic ranges, abundances and genetic structures are contrasted among the putative cryptic species. Lineages in which brooding specimens have been found form a monophyletic group and are restricted to the Eastern Mediterranean basin, an oligotrophic zone. A phylogeny-trait association analysis revealed a phylogenetic signal for low 'chlorophyll a' values (our proxy for oligotrophy). An ecological shift related to the hyper oligotrophy of the Eastern Mediterranean region is therefore likely to have played a role in the evolution of brooding. This study revealed that a complex mixture of vicariance, population expansion, adaptive divergence and possibly high local diversification rates resulting from brooding has shaped the evolution of this species complex. The dating analysis showed that these events probably occurred in the Pleistocene epoch.

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“…Asteroids from a variety of extant families (e.g. Asterina phylactica Emson and Crump, 1979; members of the genus Culcita ) have a short‐rayed body shape similar to that of Doliaster , but the morphology is not seen in the Ordovician asteroids described by Shackleton (2005). Doliaster shares some characters with Arisaigaster leintwardensis (Spencer, 1916) from the Ludlow of England but they are insufficient to consider the two congeneric (see specific remarks for D. brachyactis below).…”

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Starfish Diversity in the Wenlock of England

Herringshaw¹,

Thomas

Smith

2007

Palaeontology

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Although their record extends back to the Early Ordovician, the occurrence of fossil starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) is dependent almost exclusively upon horizons of exceptional preservation. Thus, asteroids found in Silurian obrution deposits of the English Midlands and Welsh Borderlands are particularly significant to an understanding of the early diversity of the group. Six species are described here: Hudsonaster? carectum sp. nov. (Hudsonasteridae), from the lower part of the Lower Elton Formation; and, from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, the hudsonasterids Doliaster brachyactis gen. et sp. nov. and Siluraster? ketleyi (Spencer, 1916), the lepidasterids Lepidaster grayi Forbes, 1850 and Lepidactis wenlocki Spencer, 1918, and the palasterinid Palasterina orchilocalia sp. nov. Though few in number, they show a diverse range of body morphologies when compared with Ordovician taxa: L. wenlocki had long, slender rays when fully grown whereas D. brachyactis is the first asteroid with the short-rayed body form of extant cushion stars. Most distinctive of all is L. grayi, the earliest multiradiate taxon known, all complete specimens of which have 13 rays. This morphological variety is interpreted as indicating that by the Early Silurian starfish were exploiting a wide range of feeding habits and ecological niches.

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Description of a new species of Asterina (Asteroidea), with an account of its ecology

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Very fine-scale population genetic structure of sympatric asterinid sea stars with benthic and pelagic larvae: influence of mating system and dispersal potential

Very fine-scale population genetic structure of sympatric asterinid sea stars with benthic and pelagic larvae: influence of mating system and dispersal potential

Did vicariance and adaptation drive cryptic speciation and evolution of brooding in Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), a common Atlanto-Mediterranean ophiuroid?

Starfish Diversity in the Wenlock of England

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