Description of Ambrosiozyma oregonensis sp. nov., and reassignment of Candida species of the Ambrosiozyma clade to Ambrosiozyma kashinagacola f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma llanquihuensis f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma maleeae f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma pseudovanderkliftii f.a., comb. nov., and Ambrosiozyma vanderkliftii f.a., comb. nov.

Abstract

Ambrosiozyma oregonensis sp. nov. is described from two strains, one isolated from a mountain stream in Oregon, USA (NRRL Y-6106T = CBS 5560T), and a second (NRRL YB-4169) from an unknown substrate from Marion, Illinois, USA. The species forms four hat-shaped ascospores in each deliquescent ascus and appears to be homothallic. Abundant true hyphae are produced with some having apparent dolipore-like septa. Analyses of nuclear gene sequences for the D1/D2 domains of large-subunit rRNA, small-subunit rRNA, translation elongation factor-1α, and subunits B1 and B2 of RNA polymerase II show the proposed novel species to be distinct from other species of the Ambrosiozyma clade. Because of their placement in the Ambrosiozyma clade, Candida kashinagacola, Candida llanquihuensis, Candida maleeae, Candida pseudovanderkliftii and Candida vanderkliftii are reassigned to the genus Ambrosiozyma as new combinations, and the description of the genus Ambrosiozyma is emended to reflect the resulting changes in phenotypic characters.

Description ofKuraishia piskurif.a., sp. nov., a new methanol assimilating yeast and transfer of phylogenetically relatedCandidaspecies to the generaKuraishiaandNakazawaeaas new combinations

“…piskuri strains are identical except for two nucleotide differences in the RPB1 sequences for NRRL YB‐2544 and NRRL YB‐3829. In an additional comparison, the two strains of the recently described Ambrosiozyma oregonensis showed no differences in the preceding five gene sequences (Kurtzman & Robnett, ), although one of the strains was from substrate collected in Oregon and the other from Illinois. In view of the sequence differences noted, the preceding four taxa are considered to represent separate species.…”

Comparative Analysis of the Performance Testing Results of the Backtracking and Genetics Algorithm in Solving Sudoku Games

“…Where the y variable is the average completion time, the x variable is the time required (ms), and the s variable is the number of trials, so from the above Equation, the average value can be calculated using Equation (2).…”

“…How to use Sudoku is played on a board consisting of 9 squares where each box has a subgrid with a size of 3×3. Sudoku is a numbers game where players must fill in several available empty boxes using random numbers from 1 to 9 [2]. At the beginning of this Sudoku game, several random numbers from 1 to 9 and boxes serve as clues to solve Sudoku puzzles.…”