Description of community types from different habitats around Karachi, Pakistan

An Overview of Oak Species in Pakistan: Past, Present, and Future Research Perspectives

“…Q. glauca belongs to the section Cyclobalanopsis, Q. robur belongs to the section Quercus, and the rest of the species belongs to the section Ilex [24]. Notably, Q. robur is an exotic species [15,17,19]. We next provide a detailed description of these Quercus spp., with a detailed comparison of their morphology provided in Table 1.…”

“…Q. baloot flowers from April to May [14]. Quercus dilatata, also known as holly oak, is locally known as bunj or barungi [15,17,19,25]. The tree grows up to 20 m tall.…”

“…Both surfaces of the leaves are green and glabrous; the base is often oblique, and the petiole is 0.3-1 cm long. The species can be distinguished from others by its bifacial green leaves [17,19,22] (Figure 1B). Q. dilatata also flowers from April to May.…”

“…wood plays a substantial role in the wood industry for its color, durability, and resistance to fungal decay [17,18]. Quercus tree products, such as acorns, bark, timber, and leaves, have numerous applications [14,19]. Furniture, railroad ties, barrels, tool handles, and veneers are all produced from the hard, appealingly granular wood of Quercus spp.…”

“…Furniture, railroad ties, barrels, tool handles, and veneers are all produced from the hard, appealingly granular wood of Quercus spp. [15,19,20]. Moreover, the bark, leaves, and roots contain many tannins and are employed to produce leather.…”